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Developmental MCQs
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Questions in this quiz (67)
1A researcher reports that boys show more physical aggression than girls in free play. She is able to demonstrate consistency of results across time, situations, and observers.
Therefore, her findings are:- AReliable
- BValid
- CProven
- DAll of the above
- ENone of the above
2A researcher uses looking preferences to assess categorisation abilities of babies who cannot yet speak. She is able to demonstrate that the measure she uses accurately reflects the variables that are under study.
Therefore, her findings are:- AReliable
- BValid
- CProven
- DAll of the above
- ENone of the above
3A researcher measures children’s language development by administering questionnaires to parents.
Possible problems?- AParental questionnaires are never valid.
- BParental answers are seldom reliable.
- CParental answers are not suitable for assessment of children’ s verbal behaviour.
- DMay be inferior to measuring the behaviour directly.
- EAll of the above
4A researcher measures children’s cognitive development by asking questions about a hypothetical situation.
Possible problems?- AChildren may know something but be unable to explain it.
- BDifferent children may get different prompts, depending on their previous answers.
- CExperimenter may be biased in interpreting the answers.
- DMay be inferior to measuring the behaviour directly.
- EAll of the above
5A researcher measures play behaviour of a few children over a long period of time, in daily structured play sessions.
Possible problems?- AChildren will get bored with this and underperform.
- BResults will be insufficient to draw valid conclusions.
- CResults may not generalise to other children.
- DAll of the above
6Say that we found that watching a lot of violence on TV is correlated with disruptive behaviours in children.
What conclusions can be drawn from this?- ATV violence may cause disruptive behaviour.
- BParents of disruptive children allow them to watch more TV programmes.
- CAll of the above could be true.
- DDisruptive children prefer to view programmes with violent contents.
- ENone of the above is true
7A researcher reported that 3-year-old children have longer attention span than 2-year-old children, as they remembered more pictures shown in a test. She used a cross-sectional design, and tested 25 children in each group.
- AData are not valid or reliable.
- BData are not generalisible to other 2- and 3-year-olds.
- CData cannot tell us about the development of individual children.
- DAll of the above is true.
- ENone of the above is true.
8A researcher reported that 3-year-old children have longer attention span than 2-year-old children, as they remembered more pictures shown in a test. She used a longitudinal design, and tested 25 children, so:
- AData are not valid or reliable.
- BData may not be generalisible to other children because of cohort and practice effects.
- CData cannot tell us about the development of individual children.
- DAll of the above is true.
- ENone of the above is true.
9A researcher reported that 3-year-old children have longer attention span than 2-year-old children, as they remembered more pictures shown in a test. She used a longitudinal design, and tested 25 children, so:
- AData are not valid or reliable.
- BData may not be generalisible to other children because of cohort and practice effects.
- CData cannot tell us about the development of individual children.
- DAll of the above is true.
- ENone of the above is true.
10Recommended for women in general: up to 14-21 units / week, so up to 2-3 units per day is OK. How much is it safe to drink in pregnancy?
- ANo drinking at all
- BOne unit per day
- CTwo units per day
- DThree units per day
11Birth experience for babies is…
- ANot very stressful at all
- BQuite stressful
- CVery stressful
- DTorturous
12For parents, especially the mother, is there a sensitive period for emotional bonding in first 6-12 hours after birth?
- AYes – this is crucial for the full acceptance of a new baby.
- BNo, there is no such thing as sensitive period.
- CIt may be helpful but it is not necessary.
- DIt may be helpful not to see the baby immediately, until mother is properly rested and hormones return to normal.
13If you hide a toy under a cloth, in plain sight, a infant below the age of 1 is likely to...
- Asearch for the toy where she last saw it
- Bsearch for the toy where she last found it
- Ccry and/or ask for the toy
- Dignore the event
14If you hide a toy under a cloth, in plain sight, an infant above the age of one is likely to...
- Asearch for the toy where she last saw it
- Bsearch for the toy where she last found it
- Ccry and/or ask for the toy
- Dignore the event
15You show preschool children Manyard the Cat. Then, in front of them, you place a dog mask on the cat’s face. You ask the children, does he bark or meow? They will say...
- AMeow
- BBark
- CCan do either as he chooses
- DNeither
16Genetic epistemology, Piaget's academic specialty, could be defined as the study of the:
- Achild's social relations with others such as peers.
- Binheritance of developmental disability.
- Cinheritance of behavioural habits.
- Ddevelopment of knowledge.
17In Piaget's theory, balance between the child's thoughts and the environment is called:
- Atertiary circular reaction.
- Bphylogenetic scaffolding.
- Cearly constructivism.
- Dcognitive equilibrium.
18Which of these is NOT among Piaget's four cognitive developmental stages?
- AFormal operations stage.
- BPreoperational stage.
- CProximal zone stage.
- DSensorimotor stage.
19Object permanence refers to the understanding that:
- Adurable toys are preferred over those that break soon.
- Bexistence continues even when something is out of sight.
- Cinanimate objects have the ability to "hide" actively.
- Dlost objects will always be located later.
20Three-year-old Bethan gets scared when her mum dresses up in a dinosaur costume on Halloween. This child shows:
- Aa phylogenetic development.
- Bassimilation and accommodation.
- Clack of object (person) permanence.
- Dmisunderstanding of the appearance/reality distinction.
21Four-year-old Britney mistakes her neighbour's new pet rabbit for a kitten. Britney's error illustrates the Piagetian process of:
- Aanimism.
- Bassimilation.
- Caccommodation.
- Dtertiary circular reaction.
22Suppose we asked children to make drawings of all the life forms that might occur on another planet. According to Piaget, the most novel, creative ideas of life forms are likely to come from children at the:
- Asensorimotor stage of cognitive development.
- Bpreoperational stage of cognitive development.
- Cconcrete-operational stage of development.
- Dformal-operational stage of development
23Roxanne is 4 ½ years old. She often talks out loud even when other people are not listening. This habit is:
- Aunusual for boys but common for girls.
- Bunusual for girls but common for boys.
- Cfairly common in all children her age but of no significance for her cognitive development.
- Dfairly common in all children her age and helpful to her cognitive development.
24A toddler is most likely to remember:
- AA very unusual event, such as seeing a flying balloon in the park or an elephant in the zoo.
- BA very typical event, such as having breakfast with mum.
- COnly the events that are highly emotionally significant.
- DNothing at all – we do not remember until we are about 3-4 years of age.
25If he were alive today, Vygotsky would identify the calculator you have on your phone as a(n):
- Adevice for inner experimentation.
- Btool of intellectual adaptation.
- Czone of proximal development.
- Delectronic scaffold.
26Which statement is LEAST applicable to Vygotsky's theory?
- ACooperative interactions with skilled tutors are helpful.
- BVariations in cultural influences are acknowledged.
- CDevelopmental universals are sought and identified.
- DScaffolding assists the child with difficult tasks.
27In the mirror self-recognition test, the parent covertly places a red spot on 1-year-old Gareth’s face. The child is then presented with a mirror. What is he most likely to do?
- ADeliberately ignore the red spot.
- BStare at the red spot.
- CTouch their nose / wipe the red spot.
- DInteract with the mirror (kissing or touching it).
28When do you think most children start to learn their native language?
- AWhen they are about 12 month old
- BWhen they are about 6 months old
- CSoon after birth
- DBefore they are born
29Some language developmental researchers claim that 8- month-old infants can outperform older children on certain language tasks. Why?
- AThey are attention-, funds-, and fame-seeking scientists
- BThey are simply mistaken – other researchers disagree
- CThere are large individual differences in development; some infants can be so advanced that they outperform average preschoolers
- DThis is actually true for all children in some aspects of comprehension
30Are there sex differences in emotional display learning?
- AYes, baby boys are less likely to turn away from aversive stimuli
- BYes, both above are true
- CNo, boys and girls are about the same
- DNo, it is the girls who are slower to learn emotional selfregulation and display rules
- EYes, male children are slower to learn emotional display rules
31Think about your emotions. On the whole, you experience:
- AFar more positive than negative emotions
- BMore positive than negative emotions
- CNeutral overall affect
- DMore negative than positive emotions
- EFar more negative than positive emotions
- FHigh levels of both positive and negative emotions
32Childhood attachments – processes and timeline of formation of close emotional relationships – are mainly the result of…
- ABiological predisposition and maturation
- BEarly operant learning in social situations
- CCognitive development
- DAll of the above
33Secure Attachment- What would be the internal working models explanation for this pattern?
- APositive model of others + positive model of self
- BNegative model of others + positive model of self
- CPositive model of others + negative model of self
- DNegative model of others + negative model of self
34Insecure-Resistant Attachment- What would be the internal working models explanation for this pattern?
- APositive model of others + positive model of self
- BNegative model of others + positive model of self
- CPositive model of others + negative model of self
- DNegative model of others + negative model of self
35Insecure-Avoidant Attachment- What would be the internal working models explanation for this pattern?
- APositive model of others + positive model of self
- BNegative model of others + positive model of self
- CPositive model of others + negative model of self
- DNegative model of others + negative model of self
36Disorganised/Disoriented Attachment- What would be the internal working models explanation for this pattern?
- APositive model of others + positive model of self
- BNegative model of others + positive model of self
- CPositive model of others + negative model of self
- DNegative model of others + negative model of self
37Which type of parenting produces the happiest, best-adjusted children?
- AAuthoritative (high D/C and high A/R)
- BAuthoritarian (high D/C and low A/R)
- CPermissive (Low D/C and high A/R)
- DUninvolved (Low D/C and Low A/R)
38Molly is 3 years old. When her brother Jack was born, she started throwing tantrums, wetting herself, and trying to hurt Jack. This behaviour is:
- AThe outcome of Mary’s parents’ permissive style.
- BThe outcome of Mary’s difficult temperament.
- CBoth 1 and 2 are correct.
- DNormal.
39Jo has bad temper which often leads to crying and shouting. Jo’s mum tries to avoid public embarrassment by giving in to Jo’s demands when they are out. This makes it more likely that this situation will happen again. This fits with a...
- Aparent effects model.
- Bchild effects model.
- Ctransactional model.
- Duniversal model.
40Girls are more likely than boys to show which kind of aggression?
- AHostile
- BInstrumental
- CRelational
- DBullying
41Jo hits Linda while their mum is not looking and as Linda gets distracted grabs her toy. This is an instance of which kind of aggression?
- AHostile
- BInstrumental
- CRelational
- DBullying
42Jo hits Linda while their mum is not looking and grabs her toy. What should mum do?
- ATake the toy and slap Jo.
- BGive the toy back to Linda and tell Jo why hitting is bad.
- CGive the toy back to Linda and play with Jo to distract her.
43A strong advantage of the longitudinal design is
- Athat informed consent is not necessary.
- Bits ability to discern amongst cohorts.
- Cthat it follows development of individuals.
- Dthat it protects from selective attrition.
44The long-term stability of children’s temperament is most properly studied
- Aexperimentally.
- Bcross-sectionally.
- Clongitudinally.
- Dspeculatively.
45Which of these is NOT among the five measurements that make up the APGAR test for neonates?
- Amuscle tone
- Bheart rate
- Creflex irritability
- Dattention span
46In recent decades, the age of viability has advanced earlier in the period of the fetus because of...
- Athe increasing rate of single parenthood.
- Bthe perfusion of toxic chemicals in food and water.
- Cbetter maternal nutrition.
- Dadvances in medical technology.
47Reasoning by verbal analogy: MATERNITY BLUES are to POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION as __________ is to __________.
- APRIMATE / HUMAN
- BPOSITIVE / NEGATIVE
- CFATHER / MOTHER
- DMILD / INTENSE
48When adults interpret emotions displayed by babies in their first months of life, they
- Aare unreliable and inaccurate.
- Bdo better with negative emotions than with positive.
- Cdo better with positive emotions than with negative.
- Dare highly accurate regardless of the type of emotion.
49"Social referencing" refers to the child's ability to...
- Acategorise people or animals as good or bad.
- Buse the reactions of others to interpret an ambiguous stimulus or situation.
- Chide one's own true inner feelings.
- Dunderstand that others' feelings differ from your own.
50Which of these is NOT among the several methods for studying infants’ sensation / perception?
- Ahabituation / dishabituation
- Bhigh-amplitude sucking
- Cdeferred imitation
- Devoked potentials
51Sandra’s mum has no time to look into a mirror. Which flaws is 6-month-old Sandra LEAST likely to notice?
- Avery smudged eye shadow
- Ba big bruise on mum’s nose
- Ca piece of pasta hanging off mum’s chin
- Da crow’s nest in mum’s hair
52As little Benny masters object permanence, which behaviour represents the most advanced understanding?
- Apassively waiting for an object to reappear
- Banticipating invisible displacements
- Cmaking an A-not-B error
- Dlooking at another toy as the first one disappears from view
53Ceri’s dad is upset and cries. Ceri gives her teddy to dad to hold, and tells dad he will feel better if he hugs that teddy. According to Piaget, Ceri is showing...
- Aegocentrism
- Bdecentered emotionality.
- Csympathetic empathetic concern.
- Danimism.
54Reasoning by verbal analogy, Piaget’s view is to Vygotsky’s view as __________ is to _________
- Aegocentrism / other’s viewpoint
- Badolescence / childhood
- Cflexibility / rigidity
- Dsolitary / social
55For Vygotsky, private speech is...
- Ameaningless babbling.
- Bentirely silent and cannot be heard by others.
- Cpassive reporting on thoughts after they have happened.
- Dself-talk that helps children to plan their thoughts.
56A basic definition of imitation is...
- Adoing an action after seeing it done.
- Brepeating an action after getting reinforcement.
- Cvarying a response to achieve reinforcement.
- Drepeating an action.
57Generalised imitation, a higher-order skill investigated by researchers in Bangor and other behaviour analysts, denotes an
- Aability to copy actions.
- Bability to copy a variety of actions.
- Cability to copy a variety of novel actions.
- Dability to copy a variety of novel actions without external reinforcement.
58A toddler is able to name many objects and events. He hears a familiar word /cat/. This makes him
- Alook to find a cat.
- Btry to pet the cat.
- Cdo neither 1 or 2 but may echo the word ‘cat’.
- Ddo both 1 and 2 – and he may echo the word ‘cat’.
59The set of emotions that are closely tied to cognitive development, particularly self-recognition and an understanding of social norms is
- Ainterest, distress, disgust, and contentment.
- Banger, surprise, fear, and sadness.
- Cembarrassment, shame, guilt, and pride.
- Djoy, happiness, frustration, and boredom.
60Belinda is 8 months old. She turns away and starts crying when a stranger approaches her pram in the supermarket. This reaction would
- Abe unusual in a child at that age.
- Bbe evidence that Belinda was insecurely attached.
- Cbe considered a typical response to a stranger for a child of that age (but not necessarily a universal response).
- Dsimply indicate that Belinda is tired or hungry.
61Emotional attachments between parent and child
- Aare the result of cultural effects of parenting in the Western countries.
- Bslowly rise from social interactions in the first months.
- Cemerge suddenly at birth, to the strongest level.
- Dresult from both persons' shared genetic relationship.
62Mary Ainsworth's (1978) "Strange Situation”
- Aidentifies the child's level of visual imagination.
- Bprovides training for the transition into foster care.
- Cmeasures the child's interest in novel unfamiliar items.
- Dassesses the child's attachment style.
63The two common fears of infancy, separation anxiety and stranger anxiety, reflect the baby's preference for
- Aeasy temperament.
- Bfamiliarity.
- Csocial referencing.
- Dlearned helplessness.
64Training to improve the sensitivity of parents to their child’s needs
- Ais doomed to fail because caregiving is genetically predetermined.
- Bworks and promotes secure attachment.
- Cis directed mainly to upper income parents.
- Dyields temporary gains that are lost within weeks.
65Sam, age five, turns away from the TV that shows a report of an earthquake, where people are hurt. Sam is likely to be feeling
- Aself-oriented distress.
- Bsympathetic empathetic arousal.
- Ca hostile attribution bias.
- Dlearned helplessness.
66Finnish school-based KiVa programme does NOT contain
- Aan online game training emotion recognition.
- Bclassroom activities that teach children to be helpful bystanders.
- Cpsychological counseling to make bullied children less vulnerable.
- Dparental educational materials.
67Bangor-made Food Dudes programmes are effective interventions that increase consumption of fruit and veg. They are usually delivered by
- AParents
- BResearchers
- CChildren
- DTeachers
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- Quiz on Developmental MCQs, created by Georgina Anderson on 30/04/2017.
- Author
- Georgina Anderson
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