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Lecture 2 - Language
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Questions in this quiz (28)
1Hocket’s design features of language identify how many criteria for comparing human language with other forms of communication?
- A16
- B10
- C20
2Which features of Hocket’s design are concerned with words?
- AArbitrariness – The relationship between words and what they refer to is arbitrary. Any sound or visual pattern could stand for the concept e.g. Dog = English and La Chien = French.
- BSemanticity – Words have meanings and represent concepts e.g. Objects = dog. Actions = bark. Qualities = loud.
- CProductivity (Creativity) – An infinite number of ideas/thoughts can be conveyed (by combining words in different ways)
- DStructure dependence (duality of patterning) - The meaning of a sentence depends on its structure and structure is governed by grammar
3Which features of Hocket’s design are concerned with sentences?
- AProductivity (Creativity) – An infinite number of ideas/thoughts can be conveyed (by combining words in different ways)
- BStructure dependence (duality of patterning) - The meaning of a sentence depends on its structure and structure is governed by grammar
- CArbitrariness – The relationship between words and what they refer to is arbitrary. Any sound or visual pattern could stand for the concept e.g. Dog = English and La Chien = French
- DSemanticity – Words have meanings and represent concepts e.g. Objects = dog. Actions = bark. Qualities = loud
4Disorders of language are called Aphasias
- ATrue
- BFalse
5What is the most common cause of aphasias?
- AStroke
- BAmnesia
- CHeat attack
6What hemisphere is damaged after stroke?
- ALeft
- BRight
7Which of these is true to Broca's Aphasia?
- A A major problem of speech production.
- BHalting speech often consisting of content words.
- CAn impaired understanding of speech and writing.
- DSpeech sounds fluent but disordered.
- A A major problem of speech production.
8Which of these are true to Wernicke's aphasia?
- AAn impaired understanding of speech and writing.
- BSpeech sounds fluent but disordered.
- CA major problem of speech production.
- DHalting speech often consisting of content words.
- AAn impaired understanding of speech and writing.
9Modern neuropsychology focus' on fine grain analysis, what is FGA?
- AFractionates aphasia into more specific impairments.
- BA model of speech recognition to explain how humans comprehend words.
10What does the term ‘mental lexicon’ refer to?
- AA person’s internalized knowledge of the properties of words
- BA model of speech recognition to explain how humans comprehend words
11What is Morton’s Logogen Model?
- AA model of speech recognition to explain how humans comprehend words.
- BBy identifying constituents (clusters of words which belong together) of a sentence and the relationships between them
12Put these stages of Marslen-Wilson’s Cohort Model in order
- AThe first phoneme of a word activates the cohort of words that behin with that phoneme
- BThe second phoneme reduces the cohort to all words starting with this combination.
- CThis continues until the uniqueness point is reached and only one word remains.
- DThe word is then recognised.
- AThe first phoneme of a word activates the cohort of words that behin with that phoneme
13Which of these are true to Marslen-Wilson’s & Welsh’s phoneme restoration experiment
- A1 It was a speech shadowing experiment where target words were mispronounced at various points.
- B 2 PPS corrected the mispronunciations spontaneously.
- C3 Corrections were more likely at the end of the word.
- D4 The word had been recognised before the end.
- A1 It was a speech shadowing experiment where target words were mispronounced at various points.
14Which of these are true to Grosjean’s gating experiments
- A1 They presented initial word fragments of varying length and subjects guessed the word
- B2 The guesses were consistent with the fragment and the range decreased with the length of the fragment.
- C3 Context reduced recognition time but didn’t eliminate the guesses that were incompatible with context
- D4 Found that context doesn’t reduce cohort size but acts later to reduce the possibilities.
- A1 They presented initial word fragments of varying length and subjects guessed the word
15Word meaning deafness results from damage to the mental lexicon with no damage to the semantic system.
- ATrue
- BFalse
16Which of these are true to Bramwell’s experiment on word meaning deafness
- A1 A woman acquired the condition after difficult childbirth.
- B2 She could repeat back speech but couldn't recognise words
- C3 She could write down what was said & read it back to work out what it meant.
- D4 It’s problem specific from word recognition to speech
- A1 A woman acquired the condition after difficult childbirth.
17If semantic memory is damaged the meaning of the words is lost but the word form is preserved.
There’s an impairment to both comprehension and production
Example = Mccarthy & Warrington (1990) – Patient asked to define bed but had no idea what it was – couldn’t match pictures to spoken words.- ATrue
- BFalse
18Meanings of sentences depend on the word order (syntax). We extract the meaning of a sentence by identifying constituents (clusters of words which belong together) of a sentence and the relationships between them. This is called parsing.
- ATrue
- BFalse
19Aaronson & Scarborough show in the experiment ‘Psychology reality of constituents’?:
- Subjects presented with 1 word at a time & pressed button to see the next.
- Pause time was a function of constituent structure.- ATrue
- BFalse
20Which of these is true to Frazer’s strategy for parsing 'Late closure'
- AEach incoming word is added to the existing cluster.
- BThe incoming word is added to the existing cluster in the simplest possible way.
- AEach incoming word is added to the existing cluster.
21Which of these are true to Frazer’s 2 strategy for parsing, 'Minimal attachment'?
- AThe incoming word is added to the existing cluster in the simplest possible way.
- Beach incoming word is added to the existing cluster.
22Why not wait until the end of a sentence before parsing?
- AWaiting would place a huge load on working memory. Beginning parsing immediately allows each constituent to be wrapped up and put away.
- BWrapped up involves extracting and storing the meaning of the constituent and discarding the exact words.
- AWaiting would place a huge load on working memory. Beginning parsing immediately allows each constituent to be wrapped up and put away.
23Levelt’s 3 processes in speech production: Which of these describes Conceptualisation
- AThoughts are linearized – converted into a sequence of concepts ready for sentence formulation
- BConcepts are converted into words, an appropriate sentence frame is constructed and a blueprint for articulation of the sentence is produced.
- CThe blueprint is converted to a sequence of motor commands
24Levelt’s 3 processes in speech production: Which of these describes Formulation
- AConcepts are converted into words, an appropriate sentence frame is constructed and a blueprint for articulation of the sentence is produced.
- BThoughts are linearized – converted into a sequence of concepts ready for sentence formulation
- CThe blueprint is converted to a sequence of motor commands
25Levelt’s 3 processes in speech production: Which of these describes Articulation
- AThe blueprint is converted to a sequence of motor commands.
- BConcepts are converted into words, an appropriate sentence frame is constructed and a blueprint for articulation of the sentence is produced.
- CThoughts are linearized – converted into a sequence of concepts ready for sentence formulation.
26There are 2 main aspects of sentence production, which of these is true to lexicalisation?
- A Converting concepts into words
- BOrganising words into a sentence frame.
27There are 2 main aspects of sentence production, which of these is true to Syntactic planning?
- AOrganising words into a sentence frame
- BConverting concepts into words
28Pure anomia is neuropsychological impairment where a patient knows what he wants to say but can’t find the word form.
Ellis and Kay - A patient was unable to find the name of common objects but could recognise them. E.g. snowman – could say, cold, man, frozen.- ATrue
- BFalse
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- Quiz on Lecture 2 - Language , created by alysiabates on 03/06/2014.
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- alysiabates
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- English
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