Anesthesia Questions of the Day

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www.openanesthesia.org
thomasina413
Quiz by thomasina413, updated more than 1 year ago
thomasina413
Created by thomasina413 almost 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Which causes of hypoxemia will NOT improve with increasing FiO2?
Answer
  • hypoventilation
  • impaired diffusion
  • shunt
  • ventilation-perfusion mismatch

Question 2

Question
Carotid bodies located at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery respond primarily to which parameter as a mechanism for chemical control of ventilation?
Answer
  • pH
  • PaO2
  • PaCO2
  • SaO2

Question 3

Question
A 55-year-old man with colon cancer undergoes an open colectomy under general anesthesia. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of a 1oC decrease in core temperature during the first hour of anesthesia?
Answer
  • Radiation heat loss to the operating room
  • Conductive heat loss to the operating table
  • Evaporative heat loss from surgical site
  • Redistribution of heat from the core to the periphery

Question 4

Question
A 33-year-old critically ill woman develops ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by a non-fermenting gram-negative rod. For how long should she be maintained on appropriate antibiotics?
Answer
  • 8 days
  • 15 days
  • 22 days
  • Indeterminate

Question 5

Question
The sensory nerves that innervate the anterior abdominal wall are located in a fascial plane between which muscle layers?
Answer
  • External oblique and internal oblique
  • External oblique and transversus abdominis
  • Internal oblique and transversus abdominis
  • Rectus abdominis and transversus abdominis

Question 6

Question
A femoral nerve block is MOST appropriate for which of the following surgical procedures:
Answer
  • Analgesia for a traumatic pelvic fracture
  • Surgical anesthesia for total hip arthroplasty
  • Analgesia for medial leg laceration repair
  • Sural nerve biopsy

Question 7

Question
You are providing the anesthetic for a 55-year-old man with end stage renal disease undergoing a parathyroidectomy. After surgery is completed, he is extubated but quickly develops acute airway obstruction necessitating reintubation. Which of the following is MOST likely responsible for his airway compromise?
Answer
  • Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
  • Unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
  • Hematoma
  • Hypocalcemia

Question 8

Question
You are caring for a 40-year-old woman undergoing a thyroidectomy for Graves’ thyroid disease. In the recovery room, she develops sinus tachycardia to 135 beats per minute, a temperature increase from 36.6°C preoperatively to 38.9°C, and you note that she is difficult to arouse and has twitching movements. Which of the following is the BEST initial intervention?
Answer
  • Administer hydrocortisone
  • Administer IV propranolol
  • Administer dantrolene
  • Provide topical cooling

Question 9

Question
The definition of functional residual capacity (FRC) is:
Answer
  • Gas remaining in the lungs at passive end-expiration
  • Gas remaining in lungs at end of forced maximal expiration
  • Gas that moves in and out of lungs during quiet breathing
  • Gas that can be expired from the lungs with effort after passive expiration

Question 10

Question
General anesthesia decreases functional residual capacity by what percentage?
Answer
  • 1 - 2%
  • 5 - 10%
  • 20 - 25%
  • 25 - 30%

Question 11

Question
The effect of hypercarbia on oxygenation is BEST explained by which of the following:
Answer
  • Hypercarbia decreases the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveolus
  • Hypercarbia has no effect on the partial pressure of oxygen
  • Hypercarbia increases oxygen saturation
  • Hypercarbia increases the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveolus

Question 12

Question
Physiologic effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) include an:
Answer
  • initial sympathetic response with sustained tachycardia
  • initial sympathetic discharge followed by a sustained parasympathetic response
  • initial parasympathetic discharge followed by a sustained sympathetic response
  • initial parasympathetic response with sustained bradycardia

Question 13

Question
Which of the following BEST explains the shorter duration of action of single bolus of alfentanil relative to an equipotent bolus of fentanyl?
Answer
  • Increased clearance
  • Greater protein binding
  • Lack of active metabolites
  • Smaller volume of distribution

Question 14

Question
The postretrobulbar block apnea syndrome:
Answer
  • Is likely secondary to intravascular injection
  • most commonly occurs during or immediately after injection
  • is associated with unconsciousness
  • carries a high morbidity and mortality

Question 15

Question
Which of the following is LEAST likely to exacerbate pulmonary hypertension?
Answer
  • 0.1 mcg/kg/min norepinephrine IV
  • 1 unit of vasopressin IV
  • 100 mcg of phenylephrine IV
  • Apneic oxygenation

Question 16

Question
The arteria radicularis magna, or artery of Adamkiewicz, most commonly arises from:
Answer
  • T4 - T8
  • T8 - L2
  • L2 - L4
  • L4 - S1

Question 17

Question
A 76-year-old man is scheduled for a hemicolectomy. His past medical history is significant for third degree heart block treated with a permanent pacemaker. Problems with electrocautery use in this patient can be minimized by:
Answer
  • placing the grounding pad near the pacemaker
  • using infrequent bursts of longer duration
  • the use of a bipolar cautery
  • reducing the surface area of the return electrode

Question 18

Question
Which of the following is the MOST likely result of a new ulnar neuropathy in a patient?
Answer
  • Inability to extend the wrist
  • Inability to flex the fifth finger
  • Loss of sensation in posterior forearm
  • Loss of sensation over the palmar side of the thumb

Question 19

Question
The most severe transfusion reactions are due to:
Answer
  • ABO incompatibility
  • Rh incompatibility
  • febrile reactions
  • non-ABO hemolytic reactions

Question 20

Question
You observe a regional wall motion abnormality in area indicated by the arrow. What coronary artery MOST likely supplies this part of the heart?
Answer
  • 1st diagonal
  • Left circumflex
  • Left anterior descending
  • Right coronary artery

Question 21

Question
At what point in the cardiac cycle is left ventricular volume at its lowest?
Answer
  • When the aortic valve closes
  • Following the “T” wave on ECG
  • At the peak of the “v” wave on a CVP tracing
  • All of the above

Question 22

Question
At what point in the cardiac cycle is left ventricular volume at its lowest?
Answer
  • When the aortic valve closes
  • Following the “T” wave on ECG
  • At the peak of the “v” wave on a CVP tracing
  • All of the above

Question 23

Question
Intracranial hypertension is defined as a sustained increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) above:
Answer
  • 5 mm Hg
  • 15 mm Hg
  • 25 mm Hg
  • 30 mm Hg

Question 24

Question
What are the three terminal branches of the posterior tibial nerve?
Answer
  • Plantar nerve, lateral calcaneal nerve, medial calcaneal nerve
  • Medial plantar nerve, lateral plantar nerve, medial calcaneal nerve
  • Lateral calcaneal nerve, medial calcaneal nerve, medial plantar nerve
  • Lateral calcaneal nerve, medial calcaneal nerve, plantar nerve

Question 25

Question
Cholinesterase inhibitors that freely cross the blood-brain barrier include:
Answer
  • neostigmine
  • pyridostigmine
  • physostigmine
  • edrophonium

Question 26

Question
The perception of an ordinarily non-noxious stimulus as pain is referred to as:
Answer
  • allodynia
  • anesthesia dolorosa
  • dysesthesia
  • hyperalgesia

Question 27

Question
A 72-year-old man with an acoustic neuroma is undergoing a craniotomy in the sitting position. The patient acutely develops hypotension and tachycardia. The ETCO2 is 12 mmHg and an ABG reveals a PaCO2 of 43 mmHg. Which of the following represent the most likely cause of the PaCO2 to ETCO2 gradient?
Answer
  • Expiratory valve malfunction
  • Inspiratory valve malfunction
  • Right mainstem intubation
  • Venous air embolism

Question 28

Question
A 74-year-old woman undergoing an exploratory laparotomy and has blood pressure 60/40 mmHg and heart rate of 50 beats per minute. Based on the intraoperative TEE below (which shows severe aortic insufficiency), what would be the MOST appropriate drug to treat her hypotension?
Answer
  • 10 mcg of epinephrine
  • 50 mcg of nitroglycerine
  • 100 mcg of phenylephrine
  • 1 unit of vasopressin

Question 29

Question
Ninety percent of congenital diaphragmatic hernias occur:
Answer
  • through the left posterolateral foramen
  • through the right posterolateral foramen
  • through the anterior foramen
  • along the inferior vena cava

Question 30

Question
You are performing a transversus abdominis plane block. What is the inferior border of the Triangle of Petit?
Answer
  • Iliac crest
  • External oblique muscle
  • Transversus abdominis muscle
  • Inferior costal margin

Question 31

Question
When performing a landmark-based thoracic paravertebral block, which transverse process is contacted when the needle is inserted at the level of the T5 spinous process?
Answer
  • T4
  • T5
  • T6
  • T7

Question 32

Question
Pathophysiologic factors affecting the anesthetic management of patients with hypothyroidism include:
Answer
  • hypernatremia
  • hyperglycemia
  • difficulty with intubation and airway management
  • increased blood viscosity due to elevated hematocrit

Question 33

Question
Airway obstruction caused by the tongue falling posteriorly against the wall of the pharynx is secondary to relaxation of the:
Answer
  • genioglossus muscle
  • longitudinal muscle of the tongue
  • palatoglossus muscle
  • styloglossus muscle

Question 34

Question
What bony surface landmarks are used for classical posterior approach to sciatic nerve blockade?
Answer
  • Anterior superior iliac spine, sacral hiatus, greater trochanter
  • Anterior superior iliac spine, pubic tubercle, greater trochanter
  • Posterior superior iliac spine, sacral hiatus, greater trochanter
  • Posterior superior iliac spine, sacral hiatus, iliac crest

Question 35

Question
A 70-year-old woman develops paraplegia after the repair of an open descending thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
Answer
  • Epidural hematoma
  • Hypotension distal to the aortic cross-clamp
  • Decrease in CSF pressure
  • Improper patient positioning

Question 36

Question
The most frequent manifestation of sickle cell disease is:
Answer
  • pain
  • splenic sequestration
  • aplastic crisis
  • right upper quadrant syndrome

Question 37

Question
The effects of barbiturates on ischemic areas of the brain include:
Answer
  • vasoconstriction
  • vasodilation
  • redirection of blood flow to the ischemic areas
  • redirection of blood flow away from ischemic areas

Question 38

Question
A left ventricular pressure-volume loop is displayed below. Which cardiac valvular disease is MOST likely characterized by the red pressure-volume loop?
Answer
  • Aortic regurgitation
  • Aortic stenosis
  • Mitral regurgitation
  • Mitral stenosis

Question 39

Question
What is MOST sensitive marker or symptom for detecting a pheochromocytoma?
Answer
  • Plasma-free metanephrines
  • Paroxysmal hypertension
  • Urinary norepinephrine
  • Urinary vanillylmandelic acid

Question 40

Question
Which of the following syndromes is NOT associated with a pheochromocytoma?
Answer
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia IIa
  • Neurofibromatosis
  • Treacher Collins Syndrome
  • von Hippel-Lindau disease

Question 41

Question
Which of the following syndromes is NOT associated with a pheochromocytoma?
Answer
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia IIa
  • Neurofibromatosis
  • Treacher Collins Syndrome
  • von Hippel-Lindau disease

Question 42

Question
Venous irritation associated with the injection of diazepam and lorazepam is secondary to:
Answer
  • the high degree of water solubility of these agents
  • the presence of propylene glycol as a solvent
  • the presence of metabisulfite as a preservative
  • the low pH of these agents

Question 43

Question
A left ventricular pressure-volume loop is displayed below. Which cardiac valvular disease is MOST likely characterized by the red pressure-volume loop?
Answer
  • Aortic regurgitation
  • Aortic stenosis
  • Mitral regurgitation
  • Mitral stenosis

Question 44

Question
Which of the following is MOST likely a complication of using EMLA cream for topical analgesia?
Answer
  • Methemoglobinemia
  • Muscle spasm
  • Vasodilatation
  • Severe vomiting

Question 45

Question
Correct statements regarding cerebral metabolism include:
Answer
  • the brain can only utilize glucose as an energy source
  • forty percent of brain glucose consumption is anaerobically metabolized
  • hyperglycemia can reduce the damage from focal hypoxic injury
  • the adult brain consumes approximately 50 ml/min of oxygen

Question 46

Question
Portal hypertension is defined as sustained portal vein pressure greater than:
Answer
  • 5 mmHg
  • 10 mmHg
  • 20 mmHg
  • 25 mmHg

Question 47

Question
What is the maximum cuff pressure in a tracheostomy cuff?
Answer
  • 10 mmHg
  • 15 mmHg
  • 20 mmHg
  • 25 mmHg

Question 48

Question
What is the phenomenon that MOST likely causes the sciatic nerve to appear severed in this image?
Answer
  • Acoustic shadowing
  • Acoustic enhancement
  • Bayonet artifact
  • Incorrect time gain compensation settings

Question 49

Question
In the graph of cerebral blood flow below, PaO2 would best be represented by curve:
Answer
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D

Question 50

Question
A 33-year-old man with a pheochromocytoma presents for operative resection. Which of the following BEST describes the mechanism of pretreatment with alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (metyrosine)?
Answer
  • It blocks the conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine
  • It prevents release of catecholamines from nerve endings
  • It gives patients a euphoria and thus has high abuse potential
  • It decreases stores of catecholamines in peripheral neurons

Question 51

Question
In patients with a history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, intraoperative management should include:
Answer
  • a nitroglycerine infusion
  • inotropic support
  • afterload reduction
  • maintenance of adequate preload

Question 52

Question
A 74-year-old woman undergoing an exploratory laparotomy and has blood pressure 60/40 mmHg and heart rate of 50 beats per minute. Based on the intraoperative TEE that shows severe aortic insufficiency, what would be the MOST appropriate drug to treat her hypotension?
Answer
  • 10 mcg of epinephrine
  • 50 mcg of nitroglycerine
  • 100 mcg of phenylephrine
  • 1 unit of vasopressin

Question 53

Question
What mode of mechanical ventilation is MOST characterized by constant pressure throughout inspiration, allowing both controlled breaths and assisted breaths (with pressure support), as well as a set tidal volume?
Answer
  • Adaptive pressure control (APC)
  • Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV)
  • Bi-level
  • Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV)

Question 54

Question
In patients receiving vecuronium, the greatest augmentation of neuromuscular blockade is seen with the use of:
Answer
  • isoflurane
  • sevoflurane
  • desflurane
  • nitrous oxide

Question 55

Question
What mode of mechanical ventilation is MOST characterized by a requirement for the operator to set the percentage of required minute ventilation to be supported? The ventilator then automatically determines the respiratory rate and tidal volume required to provide the minimum minute ventilation should the patient not achieve that on his or her own.
Answer
  • Adaptive pressure control (APC)
  • Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV)
  • Adaptive support ventilation (ASV)
  • Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV)

Question 56

Question
Maternal mortality associated with amniotic fluid embolization is:
Answer
  • 10 - 15%
  • 20 - 25%
  • 40 - 45%
  • greater than 50%

Question 57

Question
A 10-year-old obese boy is in the recovery room after undergoing a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy for obstructive sleep apnea. The majority of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhages are MOST likely to occur within what time period following surgery?
Answer
  • within the first 30 min
  • within the first hour
  • within the first 6 hours
  • within the first 24 hours

Question 58

Question
Dextran 40 has been shown to improve microcirculation by:
Answer
  • reducing blood density
  • increasing blood density
  • decreasing blood viscosity
  • increasing blood viscosity

Question 59

Question
The highest level of protein binding is seen with:
Answer
  • procaine
  • lidocaine
  • mepivacaine
  • bupivacaine

Question 60

Question
A 2-year-old, 11 kg boy is scheduled for cleft lip repair. You successfully intubate the patient with a 4.5 endotracheal tube and confirm bilateral breath sounds. Which change in patient positioning from the supine position would be MOST likely to increase the likelihood of endobronchial intubation?
Answer
  • Placing a head ring under the head so that the neck is flexed
  • Placing a shoulder roll under the patient so that the neck is extended
  • Placing the bed in Trendelenberg positioning
  • Placing the bed in reverse Trendelenberg positioning

Question 61

Question
What does 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) contain?
Answer
  • Thrombin
  • Factors I, II, IV, V
  • Factors II, VII, IX, X
  • Factors IV, VIII, IX, X

Question 62

Question
The highest rate of systemic absorption of local anesthetic is seen with
Answer
  • epidural injection
  • intercostal injection
  • caudal injection
  • brachial plexus injection

Question 63

Question
Absolute contraindications to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) include:
Answer
  • congestive heart failure
  • pregnancy
  • myocardial infarction 5 months prior to therapy
  • increased intracranial pressure

Question 64

Question
Which of the following electrolyte abnormalities occurs MOST commonly with hydrochlorothiazide and is paired with the BEST choice for treatment?
Answer
  • Hypokalemia-spironolactone
  • Hypokalemia-magnesium sulfate
  • Hyperglycemia-regular insulin
  • Hyperglycemia-calcium chloride

Question 65

Question
In the neuromuscular junction, acetylcholine receptor binding sites are found on the:
Answer
  • α-subunits
  • β-subunits
  • δ-subunits
  • ε -subunits

Question 66

Question
A 65-year-old woman with rheumatic mitral stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, and pulmonary hypertension has undergone combined mitral valve replacement and tricuspid valve repair surgery. She has low systemic vascular resistance with arterial blood pressure 80/40 mmHg after separation from bypass but her pulmonary arterial blood pressure continues to be elevated at 60/30 mmHg. She is receiving milrinone and epinephrine by infusion. Which of the following medications would provide the MOST favorable conditions to increase systemic blood pressure but not worsen pulmonary hypertension?
Answer
  • Vasopressin
  • Norepinephrine
  • Dobutamine
  • Phenylephrine

Question 67

Question
Oxygen 100 mL/min is bubbled through a vaporizer containing an anesthetic with a vapor pressure of 253 mmHg. This mixture is added to a fresh gas flow of 5 L/min. The delivered anesthetic concentration is:
Answer
  • 0.25%
  • 0.5%
  • 1%
  • 2%

Question 68

Question
In the fetus, the percentage of cardiac output directed to the placenta is approximately:
Answer
  • 10%
  • 25%
  • 50%
  • 100%

Question 69

Question
Which of the following drugs is associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation after CABG surgery?
Answer
  • Epinephrine
  • Dobutamine
  • Milrinone
  • A and B only
  • All of the above

Question 70

Question
You are anesthetizing a 60-year-old woman for coronary artery bypass surgery. After completion of the surgery, her left ventricular function is hyperdynamic on TEE, her cardiac output is increased to 6 liters/minute but her blood pressure is 85/50 mmHg. Due to her left ventricular hypertrophy you want to increase her blood pressure to maintain end organ perfusion. Which of the following agents would be the BEST choice at this time to achieve these goals?
Answer
  • Norepinephrine
  • Epinephrine
  • Dobutamine
  • Dopamine

Question 71

Question
A fresh E-cylinder of oxygen:
Answer
  • contains more liters of gas than an E-cylinder of nitrous oxide
  • contains about 90% liquid oxygen and 10% oxygen as a gas
  • contains about 660 liters of oxygen
  • has a lower pressure than the pipeline oxygen supply

Question 72

Question
Which of the following is the MOST common cause of a new neurologic deficit following a carotid endarterectomy?
Answer
  • Intracranial hemorrhage
  • Ipsilateral hypoperfusion
  • Reperfusion injury
  • Thromboembolism

Question 73

Question
The elimination half-life of intravenously administered oxytocin in the parturient is approximately:
Answer
  • 30 to 120 seconds
  • 3 to 5 minutes
  • 10 to 15 minutes
  • 20 to 30 minutes

Question 74

Question
A 40-year-old woman has undergone mitral valve surgery for mitral regurgitation. She has been given vasopressin by infusion for systemic hypotension. Which of the following is the CORRECT mechanism of action by which vasopressin improves systemic blood pressure?
Answer
  • Binds to V1a receptors: vascular smooth muscle
  • Binds to V1b receptors: pituitary gland
  • Binds to V2a receptors: renal collecting duct permeability
  • Binds to V2b receptors: vascular endothelium

Question 75

Question
Pathophysiologic factors affecting the anesthetic management of patients with hypothyroidism include:
Answer
  • hypernatremia
  • hyperglycemia
  • difficulty with intubation and airway management
  • increased blood viscosity due to elevated hematocrit

Question 76

Question
When performing a landmark-based thoracic paravertebral block, which transverse process is contacted when the needle is inserted at the level of the T5 spinous process?
Answer
  • T4
  • T5
  • T6
  • T7

Question 77

Question
During hip replacement surgery, cardiopulmonary changes associated with the application of acrylic bone cement include: (Select 3)
Answer
  • hypotension secondary to cement monomer absorption
  • hypoxemia secondary to air embolization
  • hypoxemia secondary to fat embolization
  • hypocarbia
  • decreased pulmonary artery pressure
  • increased end-tidal carbon dioxide

Question 78

Question
All of the following changes in pulmonary physiology occur with aging EXCEPT:
Answer
  • Decreased sensitivity to hypoxemia
  • Dilation of alveoli and airspace enlargement
  • Increased elastic recoil of the lung
  • Increased small airway resistance

Question 79

Question
A healthy 28-year-old male fell 8 feet from a ladder and suffered a small calcaneal fracture. An incision from the heel to the midfoot is planned. The anesthetic plan calls for an ankle block. Blocking which nerve is MOST important for this surgery?
Answer
  • Saphenous nerve
  • Deep peroneal nerve
  • Superficial peroneal nerve
  • Posterior tibial nerve

Question 80

Question
The formation of active metabolites has NOT been associated with the use of:
Answer
  • vecuronium
  • rocuronium
  • pancuronium
  • succinylcholine

Question 81

Question
Which of the following comorbidities MOST increase the risk of central postoperative apnea in a preterm infant?
Answer
  • Anemia
  • Gastroschisis
  • Myelomeningocele
  • Omphalocele

Question 82

Question
A 75-year-old man with coronary artery disease and ejection fraction of 25% has just undergone CABG surgery and is receiving milrinone and epinephrine to improve left ventricular function. Milrinone acts by which of the following mechanisms?
Answer
  • Decreases breakdown of cyclic AMP
  • Decreases breakdown of cyclic GMP
  • Increases breakdown of cyclic AMP
  • Increases breakdown of cyclic GMP

Question 83

Question
The rate of seroconversion after exposure of mucous membranes to HIV-infected blood is approximately:
Answer
  • 0.03%
  • 0.09%
  • 0.3%
  • 0.9%

Question 84

Question
A 70-year-old woman is started on maintenance therapy with amiodarone for atrial fibrillation. She develops cold intolerance, weight gain, constipation and fatigue. Which of the following is MOST likely responsible for her symptoms?
Answer
  • Low T3 syndrome
  • Low T4 syndrome
  • Low TSH syndrome
  • Low TRH syndrome

Question 85

Question
A decrease in cholinesterase activity has been associated with:
Answer
  • obesity
  • thyrotoxicosis
  • alcoholism
  • burns

Question 86

Question
A decrease in cholinesterase activity has been associated with:
Answer
  • obesity
  • thyrotoxicosis
  • alcoholism
  • burns

Question 87

Question
A decrease in cholinesterase activity has been associated with:
Answer
  • obesity
  • thyrotoxicosis
  • alcoholism
  • burns

Question 88

Question
A decrease in cholinesterase activity has been associated with:
Answer
  • obesity
  • thyrotoxicosis
  • alcoholism
  • burns

Question 89

Question
A decrease in cholinesterase activity has been associated with:
Answer
  • obesity
  • thyrotoxicosis
  • alcoholism
  • burns

Question 90

Question
A decrease in cholinesterase activity has been associated with:
Answer
  • obesity
  • thyrotoxicosis
  • alcoholism
  • burns

Question 91

Question
Nicardipine belongs to what drug class?
Answer
  • Alpha-blocker
  • Beta-blocker
  • Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
  • Diuretic

Question 92

Question
Nicardipine belongs to what drug class?
Answer
  • Alpha-blocker
  • Beta-blocker
  • Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
  • Diuretic
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