Animal Cloning

Description

Animal cloning from OCR Biology Unit 5: Section 3 - Cloning and Biotechnology
Jessica Phillips
Slide Set by Jessica Phillips, updated more than 1 year ago
Jessica Phillips
Created by Jessica Phillips over 8 years ago
151
0

Resource summary

Slide 2

    What is Cloning?
    The process of producing genetically identical cells or organisms from the cells of an existing organism. Natural clones occur in humans and other mammals as identical twins.The two types of artificial cloning used for animals are reproductive cloning and non-reproductive cloning.

Slide 3

    Reproductive Cloning
    Reproductive cloning is a type of cloning used to make a complete organism that’s genetically identical to another organism.
    Caption: : Dolly was a female domestic sheep, and the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer.

Slide 4

    Non-Reproductive Cloning
    Non-reproductive cloning is a type of cloning used to make embryonic stem cells that are genetically identical to another organism. Its also called therapeutic cloning.

Slide 5

    Nuclear Transfer
    A technique for cloning animals which involves taking a nucleus from an adult body cell and inserting it into an enucleated egg cell. Both reproductive and non-reproductive cloning use nuclear transfer.

Slide 7

    Nuclear Transfer
    A body cell is taken animal A. The nucleus is extracted and kept. An egg cell is taken from animal B. Its nucleus is removed to form an enucleated egg cell. The nucleus from animal A is inserted into the enucleated egg cell - the egg cell from animal B now contains genetic information from animal A. The egg cell is stimulated to divide and an embryo is formed. In reproductive cloning the embryo is implanted into a surrogate mother. A infant is produced that's genetically identical copy from animal A. In non-reproductive cloning stem cells are harvested from the embryo. The stem cells are genetically identical to the cells in animal A.

Slide 8

    Advantages and Disadvantages
     Advantages:Desirable characteristics are passed onInfertile animals can be reproducedCloning can happen at any time - wouldn’t have to wait for breeding seasonRepopulate endangered animalsAids in medical research - all subjects standardised
    Disadvantages:Undesirable characteristics are passed onSome evidence suggest clones don’t live as longReproductive cloning is difficult, time-consuming and expensiveGenetic diversity is decreasedSusceptibility to disease

Slide 9

    Ethical Issues of Human Cloning
    There are many ethical issues surrounding the issue of human cloning. Reproductive cloning of humans is currently illegal in the UK, however, non-reproductive cloning is allowed under licence. Ethical issues include: Some believe that it undermines sexual reproduction. Some believe clones may have a lower quality of life due to social exclusion or difficulties developing their own personality. Unknown psychological effects to the clone. Puts both the surrogate and clone at risk as many cloning experiments have resulted in failures in the form of miscarriages, stillbirths, and life-threatening anomalies. Some evidence suggest that clones may have shorter lifespans. Might foster an understanding of people as objects that can be designed and manufactured to possess specific characteristics. Decrease the value of human life. The use of human embryos as a source of stem cells is controversial as the embryos are usually destroyed  after they have been harvested.
Show full summary Hide full summary

Similar

Ecosystems
Jessica Phillips
Exchange surfaces and breathing
megan.radcliffe16
Biology B1.1 - Genes
raffia.khalid99
F211: Transport in animals keywords and info
Gurdev Manchanda
A2 Organic Chemistry - Reactions
yannycollins
Unit 1 Cells, exchange and transport (F211) - cells
Jenni
OCR AS Biology
joshbrown3397
Cell Structure
megan.radcliffe16
Cells and the Immune System
Eleanor H
Biology B1.3
raffia.khalid99
Random German A-level Vocab
Libby Shaw