Respiration Process.

Glycolysis

ATP attaches to glucose (6C). 2 x ATP needed to convert glucose into glucose phosphate via phosphorylation. Glucose phosphate is unstable, so it splits into 2 x triose phosphate (3C). Triose phosphate oxidises to pyruvate, resulting in NADH. Total = 4 x ATP and a net gain of 2 x ATP for each glucose molecule.

2e6b43da-3cff-4fec-aab3-04640d6b7330 (image/jpg)

Caption: : Occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.

Link Reaction

Pyruvate oxidises acetate, resulting in NADH and decarboxylation.Coenzyme A joins to convert acetate into Acetyl CoA.

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Caption: : Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria.

Kreb Cycle

AcetylCoA combines with 4C to make Citric Acid (6C). 2 x decarboxylation reactions = 4C. Oxidation reactions produce 3 x NADH, 1 x FADH and ATP. ATP is formed from substrate level phosphorylation.This forms 4C Oxaloacetic, which can join to another AcetlyCoA to continue the reaction.

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Caption: : Occurs in matrix of mitochondria.

Electron Transfer Chain

4c4cba0c-0665-4458-9902-9ba43f52d989.gif (image/gif)

e- = picked up by carrier 1  = C1 reduced. Oxidised NAD goes back to Krebs cycle.C1 = oxidised, so C2 is reduced as e- passes to it = releases energy for ATP. Oxidised FAD goes back to Krebs cycle. Proton gradient = H+ is pumped into intermembrane space using e- energy. e- + H + O2 = H2O  - acts as a final e- acceptor. H+ diffuses through ATPase. ADP + Pi = ATP = Oxidative Phosphorylation.

Caption: : This occurs in the Cristae of the mitochondria.