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Notes

Ingles

ALBIOL GARCIA DANIELA Spanish 4 pages

Content of the notes (4)

Page 1

Present Tenses

Present Simple

Se usa para rutinas y verdades generales.

Afirmativa: Sujeto + Verbo (añadimos -s o -es en la 3ª persona: he, she, it).

Negativa: Sujeto + don't / doesn't + Verbo (en infinitivo).

Interrogativa: Do / Does + Sujeto + Verbo?

Present Continuous

Para acciones que están pasando ahora mismo.

Afirmativa: Sujeto + am / is / are + Verbo -ing.

Negativa: Sujeto + am not / isn't / aren't + Verbo -ing.

Interrogativa: Am / Is / Are + Sujeto + Verbo -ing?

Past Tenses

Past Simple

Para acciones terminadas en el pasado.

Afirmativa: Sujeto + Verbo -ed (si es regular) o 2ª columna de la lista (si es irregular).

Negativa: Sujeto + didn't + Verbo (en infinitivo).

Interrogativa: Did + Sujeto + Verbo?

Past Continuous

Para acciones que estaban ocurriendo en un momento concreto.

Afirmativa: Sujeto + was / were + Verbo -ing.

Negativa: Sujeto + wasn't / weren't + Verbo -ing.

Interrogativa: Was / Were + Sujeto + Verbo -ing?

Past Perfect

Acciones que ocurrieron antes que otra acción pasada.

Forma: Sujeto + had + Participio (3ª columna o -ed).

Future Tenses

Future Simple (Will)

Para predicciones, decisiones espontáneas o promesas.

Afirmativa: Sujeto + will + Verbo.

Negativa: Sujeto + won't + Verbo.

Interrogativa: Will + Sujeto + Verbo?

Be Going To

Para planes e intenciones claras o evidencias.

Afirmativa: Sujeto + am / is / are + going to + Verbo.

Negativa: Sujeto + am not / isn't / aren't + going to + Verbo.

Future Continuous

Acciones que estarán en proceso en el futuro.

Forma: Sujeto + will be + Verbo -ing.

Page 2

1. El retroceso temporal (Backshifting) 🕒

Sigue esta guía para cambiar los verbos:

Present Simple → Past Simple

I play→He played

Present Continuous → Past Continuous

I am playing→He was playing

Past Simple / Present Perfect → Past Perfect

I played / I have played→He had played

Will → Would

I will play→He would play

Can → Could

I can play→He could play

2. Cambios en adverbios de tiempo y lugar 📍

Como el momento y el lugar han cambiado desde que se dijo la frase original, también hay que adaptarlos:

Now → Then / At that moment

Today → That day

Tonight → That night

Yesterday → The day before / The previous day

Tomorrow → The next day / The following day

Last week → The week before

Next week → The following week

Here → There

This → That

3. Ejemplo práctico paso a paso

Si alguien dice: "I am visiting my grandma today"

Cambiamos el sujeto: She said (that) she...

Aplicamos backshifting al verbo: was visiting

Cambiamos el posesivo: her grandma

Cambiamos el adverbio: that day

Resultado:

"She said that she was visiting her grandma that day."

Page 3

1. First Conditional (Posibilidad real)

Se usa para situaciones reales o muy probables en el futuro.

Estructura: If + Present Simple, Will + Verbo base

Ejemplo:

If it rains, I will stay at home.

2. Second Conditional (Hipótesis imaginarias)

Se usa para situaciones hipotéticas, irreales o muy poco probables en el presente o futuro. También sirve para dar consejos.

Estructura: If + Past Simple, Would + Verbo base

Nota: Con el verbo to be, se suele usar were para todas las personas en lenguaje formal.

Ejemplo:

If I won the lottery, I would travel the world.

If I were you, I would study more.

3. Third Conditional (Lamentos del pasado)

Se usa para hablar de cosas que no pasaron en el pasado y sus consecuencias imaginarias. Es puro arrepentimiento o crítica.

Estructura: If + Past Perfect had+participio, Would have + Participio

Ejemplo:

If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.

Resumen rápido:

Zero: Siempre ocurre (100% real).

First: Probable que pase.

Second: Poco probable o imaginario.

Third: Imposible de cambiar (ya pasó).

Page 4

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Note on Ingles, created by ALBIOL GARCIA DANIELA on 23/03/2026.
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