Notes
words to an essay
Content of the notes (15)
Page 1
Upon:
On /sobre/.
ej: Upon her head she
wore a
black velvet hat.
You can never
place enough emphasis upon the importance of safety.
Upon your arrival (= as soon as
you arrive), please report to
the reception desk.
Page 2
Remain:
to be left /quedar/
ej: Only two tins of soup remain
Very little remained of the cinema after the fire
A great many things still remain to be done.
to stay; not to leave /permanecer, quedarse/
ej: I shall remain here.
to continue to be /permanecer, continuar/
ej: The problem remains unsolved.
- remains noun
plural what is left after part has been taken away, eaten, destroyed etc /restos/ ej: the remains of
a meal.
a dead body /restos/
ej: How did the killer dispose of the victim’s remains?
Page 3
Alike: like one another; similar /parecido/
ej: Twins are often very alike.
Page 4
Rather: quite;
to a slight degree.
ej: It's
rather cold today, isn't it?
more accurately; more exactly.
ej: She'll fly to
California on Thursday, or rather,
she will if she has to.
used to express an opposite opinion.
ej: No, I'm not tired. Rather the opposite in fact.
*In fact: /de hecho/
Page 5
however: despite whatever amount or
degree.
ej: However hungry I
am, I never seem to be able to
finish off a wholepizza.
If Emma likes something
she'll buy it however much it costs.
In whatever way.
ej: However you look at
it, it's still a mess.
Despite this.
ej: This is one possible solution to the problem. However, there are others.
Page 6
indeed: really; in fact; as you say; of course etc /en efecto, ciertamente/
ej: ’He’s very talented, isn’t he?’ He is indeed’
Do you remember your grandmother?’ ’Indeed I do!’
used for emphasis /realmente; efectivamente, claro/
ej: Thank you very
much indeed
He is very clever indeed.
Page 7
thus: (referring to something
mentioned immediately before or after) in this or
that way or manner /así/
ej: He spoke thus
Thus, he was able to finish the work quickly.
Page 8
nevertheless: in spite of that /sin embargo, no obstante, aún así/
ej: I am feeling ill, but I shall come with you nevertheless.
Page 9
instead: as a substitute; in place of something or someone /en su lugar, en cambio/
ej: I don’t
like coffee. Could I please have tea instead?
instead of in place of /en vez de/
ej: Please take me instead of him
You should have been working instead of
watching television.
Page 10
furthermore: in addition (to what has been said) /además/
ej: Furthermore, I should like to point out that we have an urgent deadline to meet.
Page 11
Besides: by the side of or near /junto a, al lado de/
ej: Colin was standing beside the window
She sat beside her sister.
compared with /al lado de/
ej: She looks short beside her sister.
besides preposition› in addition to /aparte de, además de/
ej: Is anyone coming besides John?
Page 12
Therefore: for that reason.
ej: We were unable to
get funding and therefore had to abandon the project.
Page 13
a) Besides: Además
Es de carácter informal. Se debe utilizar cuando el contenido de las oraciones incluye razones o explicaciones.
Ej: Claire was not ready to look for a job yet; besides she wanted to start a research about penguins. Claire no estaba preparada para buscar un trabajo todavía, además quería empezar una investigación acerca de pingüinos.
b) Moreover: Además
Su carácter es formal y se puede utilizar tanto en el lenguaje hablado como en el escrito. Lo utilizamos cuando la nueva idea que vamos a añadir contiene información más relevante que la que ya se ha dado.
Ej: Sarah works very hard; moreover, she does a very good job. Sara trabajo muy duro; además hace un buen trabajo.
c) Furthermore: Además.
De carácter formal y de uso literario en la mayoría de los casos. Seguimos las mismas reglas de uso que para moreover.
Ej: Furthermore, the new security measures will be implemented soon. Además, las medidas de seguridad serán implementadas pronto.
Page 14
PHRASAL VERBS
Run out of: have none left.
ex. We've RUN OUT OF sugar; I'm going to the shops for some.
Breakdown: Stop working.
ex. My car's BROKEN DOWN, so I came by taxi.
Make out: Be able to see or hear something.
ex. Can you MAKE OUT what she's saying?
Put out: Extinguish a cigarette, fire, etc.
ex. He PUT OUT his cigarette before entering the building.
Put up: Allow someone to stay at your house for a night or a few days.
ex. She PUT me UP for the night because I'd missed the last bus and there were no night buses running.
Cost up: Calculate how expensive some work is going to be.
ex. The decorators are going to COST UP the work tomorrow.
Hand down: Pass on to the next generation.
ex. The jewellery has been HANDED DOWN in my family for generations.
Drop by: Pay a brief visit.
ex. He DROPPED BY on his way home from work.
Break into: Go into a building to steal something.
ex. The burglars BROKE INTO and stole the TV and video.
Bring about: Make something happen.
ex. The outbreak of disease was BROUGHT ABOUT by poor sanitary conditions.
Carry out: Perform a task.
ex. The government CARRIED OUT horrific experiments on prisoners in the 1950s.
Grow up: Mature, become adult.
ex. Nanci Griffith GREW UP in Austin, Texas.
Pull down: Demolish.
ex. The local council PULLED DOWN the old cinema.
Put off: Postpone.
ex. Don't PUT OFF til tomorrow what you can get done today.
Set up: Start a company.
ex. The Body Shop was SET UP in 1976 by the late Dame Anita Roddick.
Turn into: Become.
ex. What was initially a great success, TURNED INTO a real disaster.
To fall through: To cancel a plan.
ex. We were going to Cuenca for the weekend but the plan FELL THROUGH at the last moment.
To fall out (with sb/over sth): Have a fight.
ex. They haven't spoken to each other for 3 years. They FELL OUT over money.
To find out: Discover.
ex. I need to FIND OUT about flights to Lisbon.
To get on (with): Have good relations.
ex. I GET ON WITH my boss. I've no problems here.
To get rid of: Dispose of.
ex. We have to GET RID OF that smelly old sofa.
To look forward to: Can't wait.
ex. I'm really LOOKING FORWARD TO my holiday in Menorca.
To put up with: Endure.
ex. "I can't stand my husband's mother, but I can't complain. I only have to PUT UP WITH her two or three times a year.
To run out: Finish.
ex. Damn. My pen's RUN OUT. Can you lend me yours?
To show off: Try to impress.
ex. Look. There's Andy. He's SHOWING OFF in his new sports car. Idiot.
To sort out: Resolve.
ex. This is a problem we need to SORT OUT as soon as possible.
To take off: Leave the ground.
ex. What time does your plane TAKE OFF?
To take up: Start a hobby.
ex. She first TOOK UP ballet when she was six.
PREPOSITIONS
terrified OF/ think ABOUT/ apart FROM/ except FOR/ sympathetic TO
Page 15
- Injure: Herir accidentalmente. Ej: He injured his leg in the accident.
- Damage: Daño más material, como de pérdida de valor. Ej: The storm damaged the house really badly.
- Wound: Herida de arma. Ej: Guns wound and kill thousands of people every year.
- Hurt: Sentimientos, hacerse daño o doler (Ej:I hurt my leg while I was playing football - My leg hurts.)...