Introduction to perspectives and interrogative themes

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DD307 - Block 1 Introduction. Video Clips - perspectivesSocial Psychoanalytic

unconscious processes as important as conscious ones

interior process - emotions and states of mind affect social world

social and psychic together

learning identities - girls not doing so well at mathematics

working class in education - different to family, middle class in education - same as family

research - qualitative and interpretative approach. deals with unconscious. interviews - associations between ideas.

sibling research - ethnicity race religion location class gender all affect internal processes

siblings - important for identity construction. siblings in psychoanalytic theory - only emerge as rivalry and hate. oedipus complex from freud doesn't include siblings

masculinity research - commonly called ‘girly’ or ‘gay’. african caribbean boys seen as most masculine. researcher made notes about how he felt during interview - interview dynamics.

Splitting - defence mechanism, splits into ‘all good’ or ‘all bad’.

Projection - defence mechanism, defends from difficult knowledge about ourselves. e.g., hatred, envy, greed etc. projects feelings into object or other person, so can be punished.

Projective Identification - linked to projection, object is altered by projection.

Introjection - taking inside something from outside - e.g. qualities and emotions.

person seen as individual holistically but not decontextualised from environment.

Ontology

intersubjectivity

unconscious motivations

anxiety - defence mechanisms

Methodology

qualitative

interpretative

language

unconscious motivations

Methods

sense-making

narrative interviews

conflicts and contradictions

application of concepts

Unit of analysis

interconnections - psychic world and social world

whole interview, including field notes

Cognitive Social

how is our mind structured by society?

methods - lab experiments. controlled environment, cause and effect, manipulating variables.

lab experiments - need ethical approval, e.g. deception and debrief

methods - field experiments. close to normal environment

Ontology

social cognition - limited cognitive resources

social identity - socialised thinker

Methodology

quantitative

test theory based hypothesis

standard statistical techniques

Methods

laboratory experiments

field experiments

surveys and questionnaires

case studies

observational methods

Unit of analysis

the individual

social context

interactionist

individuals cognitions

Phenomenological

lived experience - what it means to be human

research - describe peoples experiences.

research about gay parents - used interviews, identified common themes.

epoche - with no preconceptions

horizontalize - no hierarchy of meanings

researchers - co-producing findings

lived time and space - experience of environment and ‘time’.

seek to describe experiences rather than analyse

Ontology

actions in the world

embodied way in relation to others

‘verb-like’

Dasein

Methodology

qualitative

peoples perceptions of the world

‘things in their appearing’

experience

ambiguity of the lived world

Methods

peoples lived experiences

phenomenological analysis

reflexively

themes

rich detail

Unit of analysis

perceptions of experience

embodied

relational quality

rich and vivid descriptions of the lifeworld

Discursive psychological

focuses on talk and how we use it to make things happen

making sense and constructing meaning

research - kinds of talk produced in groups. discourse analysis.

interpretative repertoire - common sense of ways we make sense of social world, available stereotypes.

subject positions - availability ways to categorising positions within interpretative repertoire

ideological dilemmas - can be contradictory, can shift opinions with repertoire.

research - analysed racial talk. interviewed ‘white’ people in New Zealand

Ontology

discourse and social practices

Methodology

qualitative

objects and events

talk and text

existing cultural discourses

Methods

discourse resources and processes

conversations, workplace interactions, interviews, texts

ways people use discourse resources

Unit of analysis

what people say and how they say it

actions performed

cultural discourse resources

talk or text

interpretative repertoires, subject positions and ideological dilemmas

DD307 - Block 1 Introduction. Video Clips - interrogative themesSituated knowledges

no context free knowledge

knowledge is situated in time and place

knowledge changes with social change

values, beliefs, cultural differences

Power relations

apparent within all interactions

ongoing processes that can have positive or negative effects

people can have power in different contexts - e.g. children take power in public when knowing parents cannot retaliate

Individual-society dualism

individual actions vs. social influences

dichotomy - cannot focus on one without the other

Agency-structure dualism

people either determine own life course or by social structures

cannot polarise them, both important within social psychology

EXAMPLE - boys don't cry

individual-society dualism.

biological - males cry less?

social - learn not to cry because of consequences, eg bullying

agency-structure dualism - can they choose to cry or not to cry? part of masculinity to not cry, how do they control crying?

situated knowledge - not a claim within every society and time

power relations - boys not crying, power over girls that do cry. criticised for not showing emotions and can reduce power.

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