Karteikarten
atomic structure
Karten in diesem Stapel (14)
- 1extent of deflection is proportional to...charge/mass
- 23d & 4s- electrons go into 4s orbital before going into 3d orbital
- electrons are removed from 4s orbital first before being removed from 3d orbital
* exception: Cr & Cu - 3Cr and Cu exceptions: what are their e configurations?Cr: half-filled 3d orbital. i.e. ___ 3d5 4s1
Cu: fully-filled 3d orbital. i.e. ___ 3d10 4s1 - 4define 1st I.E.First ionisation energy is the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms of the element to form one mole of singly charged positive gaseous atoms.
- 5define 2nd I.E.Second ionisation energy is the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of singly positively charged gaseous ions to form one mole of doubly charged positive gaseous ions.
- 6effective nuclear charge consists of:- nuclear charge
- screening effect - 7Explain nuclear charge and screening effect:nuclear charge: is the measure of the electrostatic foa between the protons in the nucleus and the valence electron
screening effect: shielding of the valence electrons from the electrostatic foa of positively charged nucleus by the other electrons. - 8General trend of I.E. down a group and why:I.E. decreases down the group.
Increasing no. of quantum shells -> atomic radius increases -> valence e further away -> better shielded (^ screening effect) -> weaker electrostatic foa -> less energy needed - 9General trend of I.E. across a period and why:I.E. increases across a period.
Increase in nuclear charge > negligible increase in screening effect -> effective nuclear charge ^
-> greater electrostatic foa -> more energy required - 101st IE of group III > 1st IE of group II, why?3s e is closer to nucleus then 3p electron -> 3s e experiences greater electrostatic foa with nucleus.
- 111st IE of group VI > 1st IE of group V, why?Inter-e repulsion is more significant than increase in effective nuclear charge between paired electrons of group VI elements.
- 12Predicting group 0 elements from successive IE dataAll noble gases have higher 1st IE compared to other elements, because increase in nuclear charge > negligible increase in screening effect
- 13Predicting group I elements from successive IE dataIncreasing amt of energy required to remove successive e from increasingly positive ion dut to increasing electrostatic attraction between positive ion and valence e.
- 14Predicting group II, III…. VII elements from successive IE dataRemoval of next electron from group __ metal/ion involves the removal of an electron from the next inner quantum shell, which is closer to the nucleus.
The e in the next quantum shell experiences much greater electrostatic attraction by the nucleus hence more energy is required for removal of (group no. +1) electron.
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- Beschreibung
- a levels chemistry Karteikarten am atomic structure, erstellt von omnommables am 25/06/2014.
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- omnommables
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