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Karteikarten

ENVS pt. 2

Murphy DaRocha Englisch 90 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (90)

  1. 1#11 core speciesspecies that prefer care areas of a habitat - areas deep within the habitat far away from the edge
  2. 2#11 artificial selectionwhen humans decide which individuals breed and which do not in an attempt to produce a population with desired traits
  3. 3#11 deforestationnet loss of trees in a forested area
  4. 4#11 boreal forestconiferous forests found at high latitudes and altitudes characterized by low temperatures and low annual precipitation
  5. 5#11 temperate forestsfound in areas with four seasons and a moderate climate, receive 750-1500 millimetres of precipitation per year and may include conifers and/or hardwood deciduous trees (lose their leaves in the winter)
  6. 6#11 tropical forestsfound in equatorial areas with warm temperatures year round and high rainfall; some have distinct wet and dry seasons but none has a winter season
  7. 7#11 canopyupper layer of a forest formed where the crowns (tops) of the majority of the tallest trees meet
  8. 8#11 emergentthe region where a tree that is taller than the canopy trees rises above the canopy layer
  9. 9#11 understorythe smaller trees, shrubs, and saplings that live in the shade of the forest canopy
  10. 10#11 forest floorthe lowest level of the forest, containing herbaceous plants, fungi, leaf litter and soil
  11. 11#11 storm-water runoffwater from precipitation that flows over the surface of the land
  12. 12#11 Carbon sinksplaces such as forests ocean sediment and soil where accumulated carbon does not readily re-enter the carbon cycle
  13. 13#11 hectares (ha)metres unit of measures for area; 1ha = 2.5 (ac)
  14. 14#11 sustainable forest managementa forest management approach that blends ecosystem conservation with economic and social purposes
  15. 15#11 national forest strategyCanada's plan to incorporate economic, social and ecological principals into forest management
  16. 16#11 maximum sustainable yield (MSY)harvesting as much as is sustainably possible for the greatest economic benefit
  17. 17#11 eco-tourismlow-impact travel to natural areas that contributes to the protection of the environment and respects the local people
  18. 18#12 rangelandgrassland used for grazing livestock
  19. 19#12 desertificationthe process that transforms once-fertile land into desert
  20. 20#12 overgrazingtoo many herbivores feeding in an area, eating the plants fasters than they can regrow
  21. 21#12 conservation reserve programfarmers and ranchers are paid to keep damaged land out of production to promote recovery
  22. 22#12 grasslandA biome that is predominately grasses, due to low rainfall, grazing animals, and/or fire
  23. 23#12 herbivorean animal that feeds on plants
  24. 24#12 soil erosionThe removable of soil by wind and water that exceeds the soil's natural replacement
  25. 25#12 pastoralitsindividuals who herd and care for livestock as a way of life
  26. 26#12 rotational growingmoving animals from one pasture to the next in a predetermined sequence to prevent overgrazing
  27. 27#12 sustainable grazingpractices that allow animals to graze in a way that keeps pastures healthy and allows grasses to recover
  28. 28#13 acidificationlowering the ph of a solution
  29. 29#13 positive feedbackchanges caused by an initial event accentuate that original event (i.e. changes brought on by warming lead to even more warming)
  30. 30#13 negative feedbackreduction or reversal of an effect by it own influence on the process giving rise to it (i.e., changes brought on by warming leads to cooling)
  31. 31#13 coral reeflarge water structures formed by colonies of tiny animals (coral) that produce a calcium carbonate exoskeleton that over time builds up; found in shallow, warm, tropical seas
  32. 32#13 estuaryregion where rivers empty into the ocean
  33. 33#14 fisheriesthe industry devoted to commercial fishing or the places where fish are caught, harvested, processed and sold
  34. 34#14 collapsed fisheriesa fishery in which annual catches fall below 10% of their historic high; stocks can no longer support a fishery
  35. 35#14 bycatchnon-target species that become trapped in fishing nets and are usually discarded. Some methods, like trawling, have very high bycatch levels and discards often exceed the actual target species catch
  36. 36#14 maximum sustainable yieldthe amount that can be harvested without decreasing the yield in future years
  37. 37#14 overexploited fisheriesmore fish are taken than is sustainable in the long run, leading to population declines
  38. 38#14 depleted fisheriesthe fish population is well below historic levels and the population's reproductive capacity is low, meaning recovery sill be slow, if at all
  39. 39#14 exclusive economic zones (EEZs)zones that extend 200 nautical miles (370 kilometers) from the coastlines of any given nation, where that nation has exclusive rights over marine resources, including fish
  40. 40#14 marine protected areas (MPAs)discrete regions of ocean that are legally protected from various forms of human exploitation
  41. 41#14 fisheries actthe federal law that regulates fishing and the harvesting of marine life, and protects marine habitats
  42. 42#14 marine reservesrestricted areas where all fishing is prohibited and absolutely no human disturbance is allowed
  43. 43#14 total allowable catch (TAC)the maximum amount (weight or numbers of fish or shellfish) of a particular species that can be harvested per year or fishing season in a given area; meant to prevent overfishing
  44. 44#14 sustainable fisherya fishery that ensures that fish stocks are maintained at healthy levels, the ecosystem is fully functional , and fishing activity does not threaten biological diversity
  45. 45#14 aquaculturefish farming; the rearing of aquatic species in tanks, ponds, or ocean net pens
  46. 46#15 wastewaterused and contaminated water that is releases after use by households, industry, or agriculture
  47. 47#15 freshwaterwater that has few dissolved ions such as salt
  48. 48#15 water cyclethe movement of water from gaseous to liquid states through various water compartments such as surface waters, soil and living organisms
  49. 49#15 surface waterany body of water found above ground such as oceans, rivers, and lakes
  50. 50#15 transpirationthe loss of water vapour from plants
  51. 51#15 evaporationthe conversion of water from a liquid state to a gaseous state
  52. 52#15 condensationconversion of water from a gaseous state (water vapour) to a liquid state
  53. 53#15 precipitationrain, snow, sleet, or any form if water falling from the atmosphere
  54. 54#15 groundwaterwater found underground in aquifers
  55. 55#15 water scarcitynot having access to enough clean water
  56. 56#15 aquiferan underground, permeable region of soil or rock that is saturated with water
  57. 57#15 infiltrationthe process of water soaking into the ground
  58. 58#15 water tablethe uppermost water level of the saturated zone of an aquifer
  59. 59#15 desalinationthe removal of salt and minerals from seawater to make it suitable for consumption
  60. 60#15 saltwater intrusionthe inflow of ocean (salt) water into freshwater aquifer that happens when an aquifer has lost some of its freshwater stores
  61. 61#15 effluentwastewater discharged into the environment
  62. 62#15 coliform bacteriabacteria often found in the intestinal tract animals; monitored for fecal contamination of water
  63. 63#15 potablewater clean enough for consumption
  64. 64#15 wetlandecosystem that is permanently or seasonally flooded
  65. 65#15 damstructure that blocks the flow of water in river or stream
  66. 66#15 reservoirartificial lake formed when river is impounded by a dam
  67. 67#16 water pollutionthe addition of anything that might degrade the quality of the water
  68. 68#16 storm-water runoffwater from precipitation that flows over the surface of the land
  69. 69#16 non-point source pollutionrunoff that enters the water from overland flow and can come from any area in the watershed
  70. 70#16 eutrophicationnutrient enrichment of water bodies, which typically leads to algal overgrowth and oxygen depletion, and which can occur naturally or via human activities
  71. 71#16 cultural eutrophicationeutrophication specifically caused by human activities (most eutrophication is caused by humans)
  72. 72#16 dissolved oxygen (DO)the amount of oxygen in water
  73. 73#16 hypoxiaa situation in which the level of oxygen in the water is inadequate to support life
  74. 74#16 pollution standardsallowable levels of a pollutant that can be released over a certain period of time
  75. 75#16 watershedthe land area surrounding a body of water over which water such as rain could flow and potentially enter that body of water
  76. 76#16 Riparian areathe land area adjacent to a body of water that is affected by the water's presence (for example, water-tolerant plants grow there) and that affects the water itself (for example, provides shade)
  77. 77#16 water monitoringa collection of samples from different parts of a body of water (surface and deeper water), particularly for comparison with what would be expected in healthy systems
  78. 78#16 biological assessmentsampling an area to see what lives there as a tool to determine how healthy the area is
  79. 79#16 benthic macro-vertebrateseasy-to-see (not microscopic) arthropods such as insects and crayfish that live on the stream bottom
  80. 80#18 organic agriculturefarming that does not use synthetic fertilizer, pesticides, or chemical additives like hormones (for animal reading)
  81. 81#18 green revolutionplant-breeding program in the mid-1900s that dramatically increased crop yields and led the way for mechanized, large-scale agriculture
  82. 82#18 eutrophicationnutrient enrichment of an aquatic ecosystem that stimulates excess plant growth and disrupts normal energy uptake and matter cycles
  83. 83#18 food milesthe distance food travels from its site of production to the consumer
  84. 84#18 monoculturefarming method in which one variety of on crop is planted, typically in rows of land, with large inputs of fertilizer, pesticides and water
  85. 85#18 concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO)meat or diary animals being reared in confined spaces, maximizing the number of animals that can be grown in a small area
  86. 86#18 feed conversion rateshow much edible food is produced per unit of feed input
  87. 87#18 sustainable agriculturefarming methods that do not deplete resources, such as soil and water, faster than they are replaced
  88. 88#18 green revolution 2.0focuses on the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to increase crop productivity or create new varieties of crops
  89. 89#18 genetically modified organism (GMOs)organisms that have had their genetic information modified to give them desirable characteristics such as pest or draught resistance
  90. 90#18 transgenic organisman organism that contains genes from another species

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Beschreibung
Karteikarten am ENVS pt. 2, erstellt von Murphy DaRocha am 11/12/2017.
Erstellt von
Murphy DaRocha
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