Fichas
ENVS pt. 2
Fichas del conjunto (90)
- 1#11 core speciesspecies that prefer care areas of a habitat - areas deep within the habitat far away from the edge
- 2#11 artificial selectionwhen humans decide which individuals breed and which do not in an attempt to produce a population with desired traits
- 3#11 deforestationnet loss of trees in a forested area
- 4#11 boreal forestconiferous forests found at high latitudes and altitudes characterized by low temperatures and low annual precipitation
- 5#11 temperate forestsfound in areas with four seasons and a moderate climate, receive 750-1500 millimetres of precipitation per year and may include conifers and/or hardwood deciduous trees (lose their leaves in the winter)
- 6#11 tropical forestsfound in equatorial areas with warm temperatures year round and high rainfall; some have distinct wet and dry seasons but none has a winter season
- 7#11 canopyupper layer of a forest formed where the crowns (tops) of the majority of the tallest trees meet
- 8#11 emergentthe region where a tree that is taller than the canopy trees rises above the canopy layer
- 9#11 understorythe smaller trees, shrubs, and saplings that live in the shade of the forest canopy
- 10#11 forest floorthe lowest level of the forest, containing herbaceous plants, fungi, leaf litter and soil
- 11#11 storm-water runoffwater from precipitation that flows over the surface of the land
- 12#11 Carbon sinksplaces such as forests ocean sediment and soil where accumulated carbon does not readily re-enter the carbon cycle
- 13#11 hectares (ha)metres unit of measures for area; 1ha = 2.5 (ac)
- 14#11 sustainable forest managementa forest management approach that blends ecosystem conservation with economic and social purposes
- 15#11 national forest strategyCanada's plan to incorporate economic, social and ecological principals into forest management
- 16#11 maximum sustainable yield (MSY)harvesting as much as is sustainably possible for the greatest economic benefit
- 17#11 eco-tourismlow-impact travel to natural areas that contributes to the protection of the environment and respects the local people
- 18#12 rangelandgrassland used for grazing livestock
- 19#12 desertificationthe process that transforms once-fertile land into desert
- 20#12 overgrazingtoo many herbivores feeding in an area, eating the plants fasters than they can regrow
- 21#12 conservation reserve programfarmers and ranchers are paid to keep damaged land out of production to promote recovery
- 22#12 grasslandA biome that is predominately grasses, due to low rainfall, grazing animals, and/or fire
- 23#12 herbivorean animal that feeds on plants
- 24#12 soil erosionThe removable of soil by wind and water that exceeds the soil's natural replacement
- 25#12 pastoralitsindividuals who herd and care for livestock as a way of life
- 26#12 rotational growingmoving animals from one pasture to the next in a predetermined sequence to prevent overgrazing
- 27#12 sustainable grazingpractices that allow animals to graze in a way that keeps pastures healthy and allows grasses to recover
- 28#13 acidificationlowering the ph of a solution
- 29#13 positive feedbackchanges caused by an initial event accentuate that original event (i.e. changes brought on by warming lead to even more warming)
- 30#13 negative feedbackreduction or reversal of an effect by it own influence on the process giving rise to it (i.e., changes brought on by warming leads to cooling)
- 31#13 coral reeflarge water structures formed by colonies of tiny animals (coral) that produce a calcium carbonate exoskeleton that over time builds up; found in shallow, warm, tropical seas
- 32#13 estuaryregion where rivers empty into the ocean
- 33#14 fisheriesthe industry devoted to commercial fishing or the places where fish are caught, harvested, processed and sold
- 34#14 collapsed fisheriesa fishery in which annual catches fall below 10% of their historic high; stocks can no longer support a fishery
- 35#14 bycatchnon-target species that become trapped in fishing nets and are usually discarded. Some methods, like trawling, have very high bycatch levels and discards often exceed the actual target species catch
- 36#14 maximum sustainable yieldthe amount that can be harvested without decreasing the yield in future years
- 37#14 overexploited fisheriesmore fish are taken than is sustainable in the long run, leading to population declines
- 38#14 depleted fisheriesthe fish population is well below historic levels and the population's reproductive capacity is low, meaning recovery sill be slow, if at all
- 39#14 exclusive economic zones (EEZs)zones that extend 200 nautical miles (370 kilometers) from the coastlines of any given nation, where that nation has exclusive rights over marine resources, including fish
- 40#14 marine protected areas (MPAs)discrete regions of ocean that are legally protected from various forms of human exploitation
- 41#14 fisheries actthe federal law that regulates fishing and the harvesting of marine life, and protects marine habitats
- 42#14 marine reservesrestricted areas where all fishing is prohibited and absolutely no human disturbance is allowed
- 43#14 total allowable catch (TAC)the maximum amount (weight or numbers of fish or shellfish) of a particular species that can be harvested per year or fishing season in a given area; meant to prevent overfishing
- 44#14 sustainable fisherya fishery that ensures that fish stocks are maintained at healthy levels, the ecosystem is fully functional , and fishing activity does not threaten biological diversity
- 45#14 aquaculturefish farming; the rearing of aquatic species in tanks, ponds, or ocean net pens
- 46#15 wastewaterused and contaminated water that is releases after use by households, industry, or agriculture
- 47#15 freshwaterwater that has few dissolved ions such as salt
- 48#15 water cyclethe movement of water from gaseous to liquid states through various water compartments such as surface waters, soil and living organisms
- 49#15 surface waterany body of water found above ground such as oceans, rivers, and lakes
- 50#15 transpirationthe loss of water vapour from plants
- 51#15 evaporationthe conversion of water from a liquid state to a gaseous state
- 52#15 condensationconversion of water from a gaseous state (water vapour) to a liquid state
- 53#15 precipitationrain, snow, sleet, or any form if water falling from the atmosphere
- 54#15 groundwaterwater found underground in aquifers
- 55#15 water scarcitynot having access to enough clean water
- 56#15 aquiferan underground, permeable region of soil or rock that is saturated with water
- 57#15 infiltrationthe process of water soaking into the ground
- 58#15 water tablethe uppermost water level of the saturated zone of an aquifer
- 59#15 desalinationthe removal of salt and minerals from seawater to make it suitable for consumption
- 60#15 saltwater intrusionthe inflow of ocean (salt) water into freshwater aquifer that happens when an aquifer has lost some of its freshwater stores
- 61#15 effluentwastewater discharged into the environment
- 62#15 coliform bacteriabacteria often found in the intestinal tract animals; monitored for fecal contamination of water
- 63#15 potablewater clean enough for consumption
- 64#15 wetlandecosystem that is permanently or seasonally flooded
- 65#15 damstructure that blocks the flow of water in river or stream
- 66#15 reservoirartificial lake formed when river is impounded by a dam
- 67#16 water pollutionthe addition of anything that might degrade the quality of the water
- 68#16 storm-water runoffwater from precipitation that flows over the surface of the land
- 69#16 non-point source pollutionrunoff that enters the water from overland flow and can come from any area in the watershed
- 70#16 eutrophicationnutrient enrichment of water bodies, which typically leads to algal overgrowth and oxygen depletion, and which can occur naturally or via human activities
- 71#16 cultural eutrophicationeutrophication specifically caused by human activities (most eutrophication is caused by humans)
- 72#16 dissolved oxygen (DO)the amount of oxygen in water
- 73#16 hypoxiaa situation in which the level of oxygen in the water is inadequate to support life
- 74#16 pollution standardsallowable levels of a pollutant that can be released over a certain period of time
- 75#16 watershedthe land area surrounding a body of water over which water such as rain could flow and potentially enter that body of water
- 76#16 Riparian areathe land area adjacent to a body of water that is affected by the water's presence (for example, water-tolerant plants grow there) and that affects the water itself (for example, provides shade)
- 77#16 water monitoringa collection of samples from different parts of a body of water (surface and deeper water), particularly for comparison with what would be expected in healthy systems
- 78#16 biological assessmentsampling an area to see what lives there as a tool to determine how healthy the area is
- 79#16 benthic macro-vertebrateseasy-to-see (not microscopic) arthropods such as insects and crayfish that live on the stream bottom
- 80#18 organic agriculturefarming that does not use synthetic fertilizer, pesticides, or chemical additives like hormones (for animal reading)
- 81#18 green revolutionplant-breeding program in the mid-1900s that dramatically increased crop yields and led the way for mechanized, large-scale agriculture
- 82#18 eutrophicationnutrient enrichment of an aquatic ecosystem that stimulates excess plant growth and disrupts normal energy uptake and matter cycles
- 83#18 food milesthe distance food travels from its site of production to the consumer
- 84#18 monoculturefarming method in which one variety of on crop is planted, typically in rows of land, with large inputs of fertilizer, pesticides and water
- 85#18 concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO)meat or diary animals being reared in confined spaces, maximizing the number of animals that can be grown in a small area
- 86#18 feed conversion rateshow much edible food is produced per unit of feed input
- 87#18 sustainable agriculturefarming methods that do not deplete resources, such as soil and water, faster than they are replaced
- 88#18 green revolution 2.0focuses on the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to increase crop productivity or create new varieties of crops
- 89#18 genetically modified organism (GMOs)organisms that have had their genetic information modified to give them desirable characteristics such as pest or draught resistance
- 90#18 transgenic organisman organism that contains genes from another species
Información
- Descripción
- Fichas sobre ENVS pt. 2, creado por Murphy DaRocha el 11/12/2017.
- Creado por
- Murphy DaRocha
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