Karteikarten
Module 1 Lecture 2 Synaptic Plasticity
Karten in diesem Stapel (42)
- 1Electrical potential across a semipermeable membrane is established by ________.Differences in ion concentrations across the membrane.
- 2Aside from the concentrations of the ions, what are the two factors affecting the electrical potential?1. Temperature
2. charge of ion - 3What is the cell potential if all sodium pumps are made permeable?+64 mV
(peak of AP curve) - 4What is the cell potential if all postassium pumps are made permeable?-85.6 mV
(bottom of AP curve) - 5T/F: Action potential is established by the ion pumps.F. It is a dynamic change in permeability of the cell membrane.
- 6T/F: Sodium channels are voltage sensitive.T.
- 7T/F: Potassium channels respond faster than sodium channels.F. They are slower.
- 8Why is the cell's resting potential close to that of the reversal potential of potassium?Because the sodium channels are mostly closed while potassium channels are mostly open at rest.
- 9What causes the initial increase in voltage of the cell?presynaptic input.
- 10The refractory period is due to the inactivation of ________ channels.Sodium
- 11At the end of the axon, ______ influx is stimulated and vesicles containing _______are released.Ca2+ influx.
Vesicles with neurotransmitters. - 12T/F: Synaptic strength refers to the firing rate of a given neuron.F.
It measures how the presynaptic cell can change the soma voltage of its postsynaptic cell. - 13How is synaptic strength quantified?By post-synaptic potentials. (in mV)
- 14What are the two types of postsynaptic potentials?1. excitatory postsynaptic potential
2. inhibitory postsynaptic potential - 15What are the two types of summation of EPSP?1. temporal (multiple APs in a train)
2. spacial (multiple APs at different locations) - 16List 5 factors that affect synaptic strength1. number of connections (spatial summation)
2. size of postsynaptic soma
3. number of vesicles released per presynaptic action potential
4. number of postsynaptic receptors. - 17Order of recruitement of motor units?Small and fatigue-resistance --> large and more fatigable
- 18Why are larger post-synaptic neurons activated later?There is more channels to allow charge to dissipate before building up past the threshold.
- 19T/F: synaptic strength is remarkably stable under regular use conditions unless special situation occurs.T.
- 20Habituation is theReduction in postsynaptic response to the same stimulation over time.
- 21Sensitization is theIncrease in postsynaptic response due to external reasons.
- 22During the famous Aplysia study, the gill withdrawal response _________ overtime when no tail shock was given.Reduced.
- 23During the famous Aplysia study, the gill withdrawal response _________ when 1 tail shock was given during a single stimulation.Increased drastically and remained relatively higher
- 24The more tail shocks given, the more lasting the increase in gill withdrawal remained.T.
- 25Rank the effect on gill withdrawal due to the following stimulations: 1. 4 single tail shocks 2. no shocks 3. 4 trains of tail shock 4. 4 trains/ day for 4 days.4 trains/ day for 4 days > 4 trains > 4 single shocks > no shocks
- 26Which neuron is activated during a tail-shock?Facilitatory interneuron.
- 27How does a SINGLE tail shock enhance the gill withdrawal?1. Activation of facilitatory interneuron
2. release of serotonin
3. serotonin combines with receptors on the sensory neuron
4. cAMP and protein-kinase A are acivated
5. inhibition of K+ channels
6. K+ cannot flow in at the end of AP
7. the AP stays around longer
8. more glutmate released to motor neuron
9. stronger response - 28How does long-term changes occur in sensitization?genetic expression changes.
- 29T/F: The CA1 cells stimulate the CA3 schaffer collateral cells.F. CA3 stimulate CA1.
- 30The EPSP after tetanus is (higher/lower) than that before tetanus.Higher
- 31T/F: The EPSP of pathway 2 is not affected by tetanus in pathway 1.T.
- 32The EPSP can last for up to a year.T.
- 33Can paring of presynaptic spikes with postsynaptic depolarization give LTP?Yes.
- 34What is responsible for the quick LTP?1. NMDA receptors become unblocked from Mg2+.
2. Ca2+ influx into the postsynaptic cell.
3. Increase in Ca2+ influx results in a cascade of reaction that results in the addition of AMPA receptors.
4. increased reaction to the same stimuli. - 35T/F: LTP at one site can only stimulate addition of AMPA at the same site.F. It can also signal addition of AMPA at other locations.
- 36T/F: LTP may cause the formation of new synapses.T.
- 37What is the cause of LTD?Repeated low-frequency stimulation.
- 38AMPA receptors are internalized in LTD.T.
- 39Spike-time dependent plasticity suggests thatLTP and LTD are determined by the relative timing of the pre and post-synaptic spike.
- 40If pre- and post-synaptic activities occur at the same time, result is more likely ____________LTP.
- 41If post-synaptic happens right before pre-synaptic cell, there is _________.more likelihood of LTD.
- 42If pre-synaptic happens right before post-synaptic activity, then there is ________.more likely LTP.
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- PT569 Fundamentals of Neuroscience Karteikarten am Module 1 Lecture 2 Synaptic Plasticity, erstellt von Mia Li am 14/01/2018.
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- Mia Li
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