Module1 Lecture3 Developmental and Experience-dependent MOdification of Brain Circuits

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PT569 Fundamentals of Neuroscience Flashcards on Module1 Lecture3 Developmental and Experience-dependent MOdification of Brain Circuits, created by Mia Li on 16/01/2018.
Mia Li
Flashcards by Mia Li, updated more than 1 year ago
Mia Li
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All connections present at birth are meaningful. F. Some are not useful and start to die out.
Muscles more proximal are described more ________. Ventral. Hence distal is dorsal.
Sensory afferents go to the (same muscle/ same location) after they are scrambled. Same location.
Developing neurons have specialized axon endings that seek targets for synapse formation called _________. Growth factors.
On the picture of a growing neuron, the green suggests _______ while the red tip suggest _______. Green: neurites. Red: actin tips.
The flattened end of a growing filopodium is called a __________. Lamellopodium
The blue stems where the red actins attach to are _________. microtubules
Label the following structures on Purves 23.3 c) 1. Leading edge 2. F-actin assembly 3. Filopodium 4. Microtubules
Label the four types of movement forces happening at a growth cone. 1. contact-mediated repulsion 2. chemorepulsion 3. chemoattraction 4. trophic support
Different types of sensory neurons growing into the dorsal horn of spinal cord find their targets based on ________. Different neurotrophins
T/F: After initial development, a muscle fiber may receive input from multiple motor axons. T.
T/F: some muscle fibers retain multiple motor axons throughout a lifetime. F. Only one axon per fiber due to reinforcement.
The more active axon will send _______ to its own synapse and another _______ signal to other synapses. protective signal to its own synapse. Punishment signal to other synapses.
_______ gets to the stronger axon while ______ gets to the weaker axon. stronger axon: synaptotrophins weaker axon: synaototoxins
A tutor giving the learner a template to follow, and possibly feedback about their performance is called ______. Supervised learning. (in higher-level species)
No tutor, the learner explores environment without feedback is called _____. Unsupervised learning.
What are the three stages of birds learning to sing? 1. sensory acquisition 2. sensory motor learning 3. crystalized song
The two most involved cortex areas are ______ and _______. 1. motor areas aka production (RA, HVC) 2. pre-motor areas aka learning but not production
T/F: the synapses are plastic and free to change. T.
The starting point of development is called _________ the genetic blueprint
The window of development is called _____ or ________ when the synaptic plasticity is best accessed by experience. critical periods sensitive periods
T/F: if external stimulation is not availabel during critical periods, the organism may have to constantly relearn things. T.
The study of cat eye monocular deprivation is an example of critical periord of retina development.
The cellular level hypothesis of monocular deprivation is Layer 4 cell in visual cortex is transitioned from inputs from both eyes to inputs from one eye. (LTP)
T/F: Producing another input that are highly correlated can induce ocular dominance.
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