GoConqr hat ein neues Design! Sag uns, wie es dir gefällt.

Kostenlos registrieren

Karteikarten

ANS

Meghan Childs Englisch 66 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (66)

  1. 1α1 receptors produce ...excitation
  2. 2α2 receptors produce...inhibition
  3. 3β1 receptors produce_________ They are located in...excitation.
    Heart-increased chronotropy, ionotrophy, AV node conduction velocity.
    Renal juxtaglomular cells- increased renin release
  4. 4Β2 receptors produce_________ They are located in...RELAXATION
    Liver-gluconeogenesis, gylcogenolysis
    Bronchial smooth muscle- bronchodilation
    Uterine muscle-uterine relaxation
    Peripheral vascular muscles- relaxation
  5. 5NN receptors and NM produce ___________excitation. Located in the autonomic ganglia SNS and PNS
  6. 6M receptors vary. M2 are _________inhibitory in the heart
  7. 7M3 are _______________excitatory in the smooth muscle and glands
  8. 8Sympathetic nervous system: 1) Origin? 2) _____ preganglionic neurons 3) Neurotransmitter? 4) Receptors?1) Thoracolumbar
    2) Short preganglionic neurons
    3) Ach at ganglion, NE neuroeffector
    4) Nicotinic at ganglion, α or β adrenergic
  9. 9Parasympathetic nervous system: 1) Origin? 2) _____ preganglionic fibers 3) Neurotransmitter? 4) Receptor?1) Craniosacral
    2) Long preganglionic fibers
    3) Ach at the ganglion, Ach is neuroeffector
    4) Nicotonic at the ganglion, Muscarinic
  10. 10Somatic signaling 1) Neurotranmitter? 2) Receptor1) Ach
    2) Nictonic M
  11. 11What systems have high parasympathetic tone?-Atria/SA node
    -Ciliary muscle and iris of eye
    -Salivary gland
    -GI
  12. 12What is meant by tone?Dominant tone depends on distribution of receptors.
  13. 13Where are M1 receptors located?Gastric parietal cell and CNS
  14. 14Where are M4 and M5 receptors located?CNS- related to memory, arousal, attention, and analgesia
  15. 15Where are M2 receptors located?SA and AV nodes of heart- slows conduction velocity, lowers heart rate
  16. 16Where are M3 cells located?smooth muscle cells- contraction of bronchial tissue, bladder, exocrine glands, vasculature
  17. 17What systems have high sympathetic tone?-Sweat glands
    -Ventricle of the heart
    -Blood vessels
  18. 18What is the effect of presynaptic Alpha 2 receptors at nerve-end organ synapse?Inhibits release of NE
  19. 19What is the effect of postsynaptic alpha 1 receptors stimulation?Eye- mydriasis (dilation)
    Vessels - vasoconstriction
    Bladder- closure of sphincter
  20. 20Carvedilol and Labetalol are non-selective- have alpha and beta properties. What does this mean?They can lower BP
  21. 21Explain how greater doses of epinephrine affect which receptors are boundLow doses: beta2- AR are occupied because they have a higher affinity. beta 2 causes vasodilation.
    Higher doses: alpha-AR are occupied now, cause vasocontriction.
  22. 22List these catecholamines from most specific to least: epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoproterenol, phenylephrine, dobutamine, dopaminephenylephrine- only α1
    dobutamine- only β1
    isoproterenol- β1 and β2
    norepinephrine- α1, α2, β1
    dopamine-α1, β1, D**
    epinephrine- α1, α2, β1, β2
  23. 23Where are 5-HT receptors located?90% are located in GI system
  24. 24Where does ADP function as a ligand?for P2X and p2Y, activates platelets
  25. 25Muscarinic are what type receptor?G-protein coupled
  26. 26Nicotinic are what kind of receptor?ligand-gated ion channel
  27. 27Heart physio considerationsSNS: increased CO
    PNS: decreased CO through M2 receptors
  28. 28Peripheral vasculature physio considerationsPNS: muscarinic cause vasodilation
    SNS: Alpha vasocontriction but beta 2 cause vasodilation
  29. 29How dose SNS stimulation redistribute blood?beta2 mediated vasodilation predominates over alpha1, shunts blood away from skin, GI, glands and toward skeletal muscle and heart
  30. 30Ciliary muscle physio considerationsSNS: beta relaxes, leads to secretion of aqueous humor
    PNS: M3 causes contraction, accommodates for near vision, allows pore to open and aqueous humor to flow out into canals of schlemm
  31. 31List neurotransmitters that are released from sympathetic nerve terminalsATP, NE, neuropeptide Y
  32. 32List neurotransmitters that are released from the parasympathetic nerve terminalAch, vasoactive intestinal peptide, NO
  33. 33Non-peptide cotransmittersGABA, serotonin, dopamie, nitric oxide, ATP
  34. 34Peptide cotransmittersneuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, gondaotropin releasing hormone
  35. 35Pharmacodynamics of tertiary aminesnot charged, absorb easily, cross blood brain barrier, more toxic
  36. 36Pharmacodynamics of quarternary amineshighly charged, poorly absorbed (require a large oral dose), will not cross BBB
  37. 37Explain the dose-dependent effects of dopamine1) Activation of DA1 receptors in kidney induces diuresis
    2) Activation of beta1 receptors in the heart increase contractile force
    3) Activation of alpha receptors increase PVR
  38. 38Characterize Uptake 1Presynaptic, low maximal intake, high affinity for NE, uptake of other substances like cocaine, tyramine, amphetamines, tricyclics
  39. 39Characterize uptake 2non-neuronal, low affinity, high maximal uptake, takes up substrates like serotonin and steroids
  40. 40How is NE disposed?60%- reuptake mechanisms
    20%- diffusion
    20% degraded by either MAO or catechol-o-methyltransferase
  41. 41Alpha1 stimulation largely causes _____ except in the GI system where it causes_____.Alpha1 stimulation largely causes constriction except in the GI system where it causes relaxation.
  42. 42alpha-1 adrenergic blockers are used to...lower BP and decrease PVR. treat hypertension and BPH.
  43. 43cholinergic agonists are used to treat...depression of GI or GU motility without obstruction
  44. 44cholinergic agonists adverse effectsSLUD, bronchoconstriction, increase mucus secretions, hypotension
  45. 45cholinergic agonists are contraindicated in patients withasthma or hyperthyroidism
  46. 46nicotinic agonists are used for...nothing! too non-selective and complex to be clinically useful
  47. 47Edrophonium is what class of drug? What is it used for?reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. to diagnose myasthenia gravis?
  48. 48Adverse effects of edrophonium?cramps, salivation, bronchial secretions, bradycardia?
  49. 49Contraindications of edrophonium?COPD, peptic ulcer, urinary or GI obstruction
  50. 50Vercuronium is what class of drug?Non-depolarizing neuro blockade, act at NMJ; reversible with AchE inhibitor
  51. 51succinylcholine is what type of drug?Depolarizing neuro blockade drug, will not be reversed with AchE inhibitors
  52. 52Scopolamine is what class of drug? What is it's clinical usefulness?Muscarinic antagonist. Used to alleviate motion sickness.
  53. 53Adverse effects of scopolamine?Urinary retention, constipation, GI paralysis, dry mouth, mydriasis
  54. 54Clinically norepinephrine is used to... by acting on which receptors?Clinically norepinephrine is used to increase BP by acting on alpha 1 AR receptors
  55. 55Clinically epinephrine is used for....by acting on what receptors?increase BP (alpha1)
    cardiac stim (beta 1)
    bronchodilate (beta 2)
  56. 56dopamine is used for...renal vasodilation
  57. 57non-selective AR antagonists are used clinically to treat...pheochromocytoma, erectile dysfunction
  58. 58alpha2 AR antagonists action:increase BP, decrease glucose release from the liver, increase insulin release, relax prostate (used for BPH)
  59. 59Uses for beta-AR blocker?angina pectoris, tachycardia (from hyperthyroidism), MI, migraines, tremor
  60. 60What should you remember when selecting beta-blockers to treat CHF?Use ones that are partial alpha-antagonists like carvedilol.
  61. 61Adverse effects of beta bloockerAggravate CHF, bradycardia, AV blocks, asthma, increase lipoproteins, hypoglycemia in diabetics
  62. 62What is the function of 5-HT in the periphery?peristalsis, vomiting, platelet aggregation, nociception, inflammatory mediator, microvascular control
  63. 63What is the function of 5-HT in the CNS?regulates sleep, appetite, mood, hallucination, pain, vomiting
  64. 64Almost all 5-HT receptors are g-protein coupled. Which is not?5-HT3: it's a ligand-gated ion channel
  65. 65What types of receptors use ATP and ADP?Purine- p2y (GPCR) and p2X (ligand-gated)
  66. 66ADP binding to P2Y and P2X accomplishesplatelet aggregation

Informationen

Beschreibung
Karteikarten am ANS, erstellt von Meghan Childs am 20/02/2015.
Erstellt von
Meghan Childs
Aufrufe
2
Bewertung

Feedback

Worum geht es?

Wie gefällt dir das neue Design?

Dein Eindruck