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- 1α1 receptors produce ...excitation
- 2α2 receptors produce...inhibition
- 3β1 receptors produce_________ They are located in...excitation.
Heart-increased chronotropy, ionotrophy, AV node conduction velocity.
Renal juxtaglomular cells- increased renin release - 4Β2 receptors produce_________ They are located in...RELAXATION
Liver-gluconeogenesis, gylcogenolysis
Bronchial smooth muscle- bronchodilation
Uterine muscle-uterine relaxation
Peripheral vascular muscles- relaxation - 5NN receptors and NM produce ___________excitation. Located in the autonomic ganglia SNS and PNS
- 6M receptors vary. M2 are _________inhibitory in the heart
- 7M3 are _______________excitatory in the smooth muscle and glands
- 8Sympathetic nervous system: 1) Origin? 2) _____ preganglionic neurons 3) Neurotransmitter? 4) Receptors?1) Thoracolumbar
2) Short preganglionic neurons
3) Ach at ganglion, NE neuroeffector
4) Nicotinic at ganglion, α or β adrenergic - 9Parasympathetic nervous system: 1) Origin? 2) _____ preganglionic fibers 3) Neurotransmitter? 4) Receptor?1) Craniosacral
2) Long preganglionic fibers
3) Ach at the ganglion, Ach is neuroeffector
4) Nicotonic at the ganglion, Muscarinic - 10Somatic signaling 1) Neurotranmitter? 2) Receptor1) Ach
2) Nictonic M - 11What systems have high parasympathetic tone?-Atria/SA node
-Ciliary muscle and iris of eye
-Salivary gland
-GI - 12What is meant by tone?Dominant tone depends on distribution of receptors.
- 13Where are M1 receptors located?Gastric parietal cell and CNS
- 14Where are M4 and M5 receptors located?CNS- related to memory, arousal, attention, and analgesia
- 15Where are M2 receptors located?SA and AV nodes of heart- slows conduction velocity, lowers heart rate
- 16Where are M3 cells located?smooth muscle cells- contraction of bronchial tissue, bladder, exocrine glands, vasculature
- 17What systems have high sympathetic tone?-Sweat glands
-Ventricle of the heart
-Blood vessels - 18What is the effect of presynaptic Alpha 2 receptors at nerve-end organ synapse?Inhibits release of NE
- 19What is the effect of postsynaptic alpha 1 receptors stimulation?Eye- mydriasis (dilation)
Vessels - vasoconstriction
Bladder- closure of sphincter - 20Carvedilol and Labetalol are non-selective- have alpha and beta properties. What does this mean?They can lower BP
- 21Explain how greater doses of epinephrine affect which receptors are boundLow doses: beta2- AR are occupied because they have a higher affinity. beta 2 causes vasodilation.
Higher doses: alpha-AR are occupied now, cause vasocontriction. - 22List these catecholamines from most specific to least: epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoproterenol, phenylephrine, dobutamine, dopaminephenylephrine- only α1
dobutamine- only β1
isoproterenol- β1 and β2
norepinephrine- α1, α2, β1
dopamine-α1, β1, D**
epinephrine- α1, α2, β1, β2 - 23Where are 5-HT receptors located?90% are located in GI system
- 24Where does ADP function as a ligand?for P2X and p2Y, activates platelets
- 25Muscarinic are what type receptor?G-protein coupled
- 26Nicotinic are what kind of receptor?ligand-gated ion channel
- 27Heart physio considerationsSNS: increased CO
PNS: decreased CO through M2 receptors - 28Peripheral vasculature physio considerationsPNS: muscarinic cause vasodilation
SNS: Alpha vasocontriction but beta 2 cause vasodilation - 29How dose SNS stimulation redistribute blood?beta2 mediated vasodilation predominates over alpha1, shunts blood away from skin, GI, glands and toward skeletal muscle and heart
- 30Ciliary muscle physio considerationsSNS: beta relaxes, leads to secretion of aqueous humor
PNS: M3 causes contraction, accommodates for near vision, allows pore to open and aqueous humor to flow out into canals of schlemm - 31List neurotransmitters that are released from sympathetic nerve terminalsATP, NE, neuropeptide Y
- 32List neurotransmitters that are released from the parasympathetic nerve terminalAch, vasoactive intestinal peptide, NO
- 33Non-peptide cotransmittersGABA, serotonin, dopamie, nitric oxide, ATP
- 34Peptide cotransmittersneuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, gondaotropin releasing hormone
- 35Pharmacodynamics of tertiary aminesnot charged, absorb easily, cross blood brain barrier, more toxic
- 36Pharmacodynamics of quarternary amineshighly charged, poorly absorbed (require a large oral dose), will not cross BBB
- 37Explain the dose-dependent effects of dopamine1) Activation of DA1 receptors in kidney induces diuresis
2) Activation of beta1 receptors in the heart increase contractile force
3) Activation of alpha receptors increase PVR - 38Characterize Uptake 1Presynaptic, low maximal intake, high affinity for NE, uptake of other substances like cocaine, tyramine, amphetamines, tricyclics
- 39Characterize uptake 2non-neuronal, low affinity, high maximal uptake, takes up substrates like serotonin and steroids
- 40How is NE disposed?60%- reuptake mechanisms
20%- diffusion
20% degraded by either MAO or catechol-o-methyltransferase - 41Alpha1 stimulation largely causes _____ except in the GI system where it causes_____.Alpha1 stimulation largely causes constriction except in the GI system where it causes relaxation.
- 42alpha-1 adrenergic blockers are used to...lower BP and decrease PVR. treat hypertension and BPH.
- 43cholinergic agonists are used to treat...depression of GI or GU motility without obstruction
- 44cholinergic agonists adverse effectsSLUD, bronchoconstriction, increase mucus secretions, hypotension
- 45cholinergic agonists are contraindicated in patients withasthma or hyperthyroidism
- 46nicotinic agonists are used for...nothing! too non-selective and complex to be clinically useful
- 47Edrophonium is what class of drug? What is it used for?reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. to diagnose myasthenia gravis?
- 48Adverse effects of edrophonium?cramps, salivation, bronchial secretions, bradycardia?
- 49Contraindications of edrophonium?COPD, peptic ulcer, urinary or GI obstruction
- 50Vercuronium is what class of drug?Non-depolarizing neuro blockade, act at NMJ; reversible with AchE inhibitor
- 51succinylcholine is what type of drug?Depolarizing neuro blockade drug, will not be reversed with AchE inhibitors
- 52Scopolamine is what class of drug? What is it's clinical usefulness?Muscarinic antagonist. Used to alleviate motion sickness.
- 53Adverse effects of scopolamine?Urinary retention, constipation, GI paralysis, dry mouth, mydriasis
- 54Clinically norepinephrine is used to... by acting on which receptors?Clinically norepinephrine is used to increase BP by acting on alpha 1 AR receptors
- 55Clinically epinephrine is used for....by acting on what receptors?increase BP (alpha1)
cardiac stim (beta 1)
bronchodilate (beta 2) - 56dopamine is used for...renal vasodilation
- 57non-selective AR antagonists are used clinically to treat...pheochromocytoma, erectile dysfunction
- 58alpha2 AR antagonists action:increase BP, decrease glucose release from the liver, increase insulin release, relax prostate (used for BPH)
- 59Uses for beta-AR blocker?angina pectoris, tachycardia (from hyperthyroidism), MI, migraines, tremor
- 60What should you remember when selecting beta-blockers to treat CHF?Use ones that are partial alpha-antagonists like carvedilol.
- 61Adverse effects of beta bloockerAggravate CHF, bradycardia, AV blocks, asthma, increase lipoproteins, hypoglycemia in diabetics
- 62What is the function of 5-HT in the periphery?peristalsis, vomiting, platelet aggregation, nociception, inflammatory mediator, microvascular control
- 63What is the function of 5-HT in the CNS?regulates sleep, appetite, mood, hallucination, pain, vomiting
- 64Almost all 5-HT receptors are g-protein coupled. Which is not?5-HT3: it's a ligand-gated ion channel
- 65What types of receptors use ATP and ADP?Purine- p2y (GPCR) and p2X (ligand-gated)
- 66ADP binding to P2Y and P2X accomplishesplatelet aggregation
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- Fichas sobre ANS, creado por Meghan Childs el 20/02/2015.
- Creado por
- Meghan Childs
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