Karteikarten
Plate Tectonics
Karten in diesem Stapel (25)
- 1Plate Tectonic Theory How do tectonic plates move?Convection currents and slab-pull force work together to cause plate movement.
- 2Plate Tectonic Theory Convection CurrentsConvection currents are movements of heat within the mantle. Material in the mantle, known as magma, is intensely heated by the core, causing the rising magma to expand, rise and spread out beneath the plates.
- 3Plate Tectonic Theory Convection Currents 2This causes plates to be dragged along and move away from each other. Then, the magma cools slightly and sinks, pulling the plates to collide headlong into one another
- 4Plate Tectonic Theory Convection Currents 3The sinking mantle material heats up again as it nears the core and the whole process repeats. This continuous heating and cooling of magma creates convection currents in the mantle.
- 5Plate Tectonic Theory Convection Currents 4 Different Types of Plate MovementsTectonic plates can be moved in 3 ways.
Some are dragged by rising magma that moves apart from one other. This creates tensional force. - 6Plate Tectonic Theory Convection Currents 4 Different Types of Plate Movements 2Plates can also move towards one another when cooled magma sinks, pulling the plates towards one another. This creates compressional force.
- 7Plate Tectonic Theory Convection Currents 4 Different Types of Plate Movements 3Plates can also be dragged along convection currents in such a way that they slide past one another.
- 8Plate Tectonic Theory 2 Types of Plate BoundariesDifferent types of plate movements give rise to different types of plate boundaries.
Divergent plate boundary
Convergent plate boundary
Transform plate boundary - 9Plate Tectonic Theory 2 Divergent Plate BoundaryDivergent plate boundaries are areas where 2 plates move away from each other, leaving a gap. Magma starts to move upwards through the gap, to the surface, where it cools to form new oceanic crust along these boundaries. It is sometimes called constructive plate boundary.
- 10Plate Tectonic Theory 2 Divergent Plate Boundary 2 Oceanic-oceanic plate divergenceAt diverging plate boundaries of oceanic-oceanic plates, magma rises from the mantle to fill the gap between the plates as they move apart. New sea floor is formed when the magma cools and solidifies. This process is called sea-floor spreading.
- 11Plate Tectonic Theory 2 Divergent Plate Boundary 2 Oceanic-oceanic plate divergence 2The newly formed rocks are the closest to the plate boundaries and are therefore younger than those further away. When 2 oceanic plates diverge, a mid-oceanic ridge is formed.
Example: Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, formed by the divergence of North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate. - 12Plate Tectonic Theory 2 Divergent Plate Boundary 2 Oceanic-oceanic plate divergence 3 Formation of Mid-oceanic RidgesWhen 2 oceanic plates diverge, the fractures are formed at the plate boundary. Magma rises at the zone of divergence to create a ridge of new ocean floor known as a mid-oceanic ridge. At various points along the mid-oceanic ridge, magma builds up above sea level to form volcanoes. These volcanoes are known as volcanic islands. An example of a chain of volcanic islands in the North Atlantic Ocean in the Azores.
- 13Plate Tectonic Theory 2 Divergent Plate Boundary 3 Continental-continental plate divergence Formation of a rift valleyDiverging plates can cause continents to break up. When plates diverge or move apart, they are stretched, causing fractures to form at the plate boundary. The land in between the 2 continental crusts sinks, forming a linear depression known as a rift valley.
- 14Plate Tectonic Theory 2 Divergent Plate Boundary 3 Continental-continental plate divergence 2 Example???East African Rift Valley was formed as a result of 2 continental plates moving away from each other. This involves the Nubian boundary of the African Plate moving away from the Somalian boundary of the African Plate. A number of active volcanoes and earthquake fractures can also be found along the East African Rift Valley
- 15Plate Tectonic Theory 2 Convergent Plate BoundaryAt convergent plate boundaries, plates move towards each other and become faulted, folded and sometimes subducted.
- 16Plate Tectonic Theory 2 Convergent Plate Boundary 2 Oceanic-oceanic plate convergence Formation of trenches and volcanoesWhen 2 oceanic plates converge and collide, the denser plates subducts under the other less dense plate. The area where this happens is the subduction zone. At the subduction zone, a depression in the sea floor called an oceanic trench is created. At the same time, the sinking crust of the denser plate melts, forming magma. The magma rises through the crust to form volcanoes.
- 17Plate Tectonic Theory 2 Convergent Plate Boundary 2 Oceanic-oceanic plate convergence 2 Example???The Pacific Plate converges with the slower-moving Philippine Plate. The Pacific Plate subducts beneath the Philippine Plate, forming the Mariana Trench and the Mariana Islands.
- 18Plate Tectonic Theory 2 Convergent Plate Boundary 3 Continental-continental plate convergence Formation of fold mountains2 continental plates may collide and push against one another, resisting subduction. There is no subduction because both plates are light and thus buoyant. This causes the plates to break and slide along fractures in the crust. Layers of rock on the upper part of the crust are then compressed together, generating great uplift and they fold massively upwards or sideways, creating range of fold mountains.
- 19Plate Tectonic Theory 2 Convergent Plate Boundary 3 Continental-continental plate convergence 2 Example???The Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate converge and collides to form the Himalayas. The Himalayas is the tallest mountain range in the world and can even be seen in satellite images taken from space.
- 20Plate Tectonic Theory 2 Convergent Plate Boundary 4 Oceanic-continental plate convergence Formation of trench of fold mountainsWhen an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate, the denser oceanic pate subducts under the less dense continental plate. A long, narrow and deep oceanic trench is then formed at the subduction zone while fold mountains are formed on the continental plate when it buckles.
- 21Plate Tectonic Theory 2 Convergent Plate Boundary 4 Oceanic-continental plate convergence 2 Formation of volcanoesThe subducting oceanic plate melts partially, producing magma. The magma rises up any breaks or cracks in the crust. Active volcanoes are formed on the continental plate when the magma below the crust rises to the surface. Earthquakes my also occur on the continental plate.
- 22Plate Tectonic Theory 2 Convergent Plate Boundary 4 Oceanic-continental plate convergence 3 Example???Found near Sumatra where the Australian Plate subducts under a section of the Eurasian Plate, forming the Sunda Trench and Barisan Mountains.
Also forms the Peru-Chile Trench and the Andes Mountain when Nazca Plate converges with the South American Plate. - 23Plate Tectonic Theory 2 Transform Plate BoundaryPlates slide past each other along transform plate boundaries. This movement results in the formation of a transform fault. In the process, tremendous stress builds up and is eventually released, often in the form of violent earthquakes.
- 24Plate Tectonic Theory 2 Transform Plate Boundary 2 ExampleSan Andreas Fault formed between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. In 1906, an earthquake occurred in San Francisco at the San Andreas Fault. This caused several hundred of kilometres of the North American Plate to move an average of 2.5 metres, at one point almost 7 metres.
- 25Plate Tectonic Theory 2 Transform Plate Boundary 2 Example 2North Anatolian Fault between the southern section of the Eurasian Plate and the Anatolian Plate
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- Karteikarten am Plate Tectonics, erstellt von Ryan Kang am 29/07/2015.
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- Ryan Kang
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