Karteikarten
Chapter 6 Intercellular communication
Karten in diesem Stapel (20)
- 12 types of intercellular communication1. direct
2. indirect - 2direct communicationone cell to another
- 3indirect communicationuse of chemical messengers (endocrine, paracrine, autocrine, synaptic)
- 4cellular communication depends on: 4 things1. contact dependent signals
2. gap junctions
3. local communication
4. long distance communication - 51. cell to cell communication (2 types)CAMs - cell adhesion molecules
- transfers signals in both directions
Gap Junctions
- forms direct cytoplasmic connections between adjacent cells - 6Local communicationAutocrine signals act on the cell that secreted them
paracrine act on other cells and diffuse to other cells - 7Long distance communication- hormones secreted in blood and act on distant targeted cells
chemical and electrical with neurons firing at a synapse cause the release of chemical neurotransmitters - 8Receptor locationon the target cell
- lipophilic receptors in the cytoplasm and lipophobic receptors on the membrane - 94 types of receptors1. receptor channels
2. G-Protein coupled receptors
3. catalytic receptor enzymes
4. Integrin receptors - 10receptor channels- ligand binding open or closes the channel
- can create a charge due to influx and efflux of ions - 11GPCRLigand binding to G-protein molecule opens ion channel or alters enzyme activity
- can create electrical gradient - 12catalytic receptorsreceptor enzymes - ligand binding to receptor enzyme activates an intracellular enzyme
- 13catalytic receptorsIntegrin receptors - ligand binding to receptors alters enzymes or the cytoskeleton
- 14Signal amplification- ligand= first messenger
- extracellular signals converted to intracellular messages (secondary receptors which produce an amplified response - 15Tyrosine Kinase exampletransfer phosphate from ATP to tyrosine (amino)
- tyrosine kinase used to phosphorylate ATP - 16Target response depends on the receptorA1 - epinephrine causes vasoconstriction
B2 - epinephrine causes vasodilation - 17down regulation- decrease in receptors
- cell is less responsive
- due to higher concentration - 18Up regulation- more receptors
- more responsive
- lower concentration of molecules - 19Cannons Postulates for homeostasis. 4 things1. constancy (stable internal envs)
2. resistance to change
3. regulation (multiple cooperative mechanisms)
4. organized self government - 20Organized self government: regulated variables and control systems1. nervous system
2. Tonic control - many variables can be increased and decreased
3. antagonist control
4. one chemical signal can have different effects on different tissues
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- final Human Physiology Karteikarten am Chapter 6 Intercellular communication, erstellt von Kevin Floyd am 01/10/2021.
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