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Computer Hardware

fiery Barbarian Computer Science Year 10 Englisch 35 Karten

Computer Hardware

Karten in diesem Stapel (35)

  1. 1Logic Gates- In electronics the flow of electricity is controlled by logic gates in digital circuits
    - A logic gate can have more than 1 input but there will only be one output depending on the type of logic gate used.
  2. 2Types of Logic gates- AND
    - OR
    - NOT
    - NAND
    - XOR
    - NOR
  3. 3Voltage- The potential difference across an electrical component needed to make electricity flow through it
  4. 4Microprocessor- An integrated circuit that provides the same functions of a CPU
  5. 5Truth tableA way of showing every outcome of a logic gate
  6. 6AND gateThis gate both inputs have to be 1 for the output to be 1.
  7. 7OR gateThe output will be 1 if there any input of 1. Therefore for the output to be 0 both inputs have to be 0.
  8. 8Not Gate`This gate is where there is only 1 input and the output will be the opposite of the that input. I.e. if the input A is 1 then the output X will be 0.
  9. 9NOR gateThis gate is a combination of the OR gate and NOT gate. So the output will be opposite to what it is in OR. Hence, to have an output of 1 both inputs will have to be 0.
  10. 10XOR gateThis gate is similar to the OR logic gate however it is more exclusive. For the output to equal 1 the input will have to be 1 and 0 or 0 and 1. Either way it will work but if the input is 1,1 and 0,0 the output will be 0.
  11. 11NAND logic gateThis gate is a combination of an AND and NOT gate. Therefore, for the output to be 0 both inputs will have to be 1. Any other two inputs will result in 1.
  12. 12Input deviceAn input device is a hardware that allows a user to enter data into a computer system.
  13. 13Input devices types- Keyboard
    - Touch Screen
    - Mouse
    - Microphone
    - Digital camera
    - Scanners: 2D and 3D
    - Barcode readers
    - Interactive whiteboard
    - QR code readers
  14. 14Keyboards what they are and pros and cons- Most common method to enter data into a computer. It allows one to click keys that represent letters, numbers and symbols that we use on a daily basis.
    - Pros - Easy to use and efficient if the person is trained
    - Cons - Mistakes can be easily made and it can be slow if the perosn is not trained to type fast
  15. 15Mice - What they are and their adv and disadv.- A mouse is used to control a pointer or cursor on a computer screen. It has 2 buttons on it the left used to select things and the right to open up a menu
    - Adv - Easy to use + Navigation is efficient
    - Disadv - If the optical laser or roller ball is covered with dirt the mouse will not work properly and it is needed to be placed on a flat surface.
  16. 162D scanners - what they are and how they work- 2D scanners normally are used for physical documents where they are converted into a digital format. This is done by using light and sensors.
    - After being scanned OCR software is used so they can be edited.
    - These scanners can use OMR to scan a page to find markings on it.
  17. 17Pros and Cons with 2D scannersPros - Flatbed scanners can produce high quality digital copies, Digital copies created by the scanner can be edited, a scanned digital copy can be attached to an email
    Cons - Scanned documents can use a lot of memory space, Can be high quality but not as high as the original document
  18. 183D scanner what it is and how it works- It works using a laser or a light source. It thens measures and inputs the geometry of an object into a computer system and creates a model with it.
    - Biometrics use these scanners as well
  19. 19Barcode- Barcodes are represented by black vertical bars with white spaces. When scanned it translates into a number.
    - It is scanned by an illuminated red light that detect light reflected back. The signal recived is analogue and then converted into a digital signal.
  20. 20Pros and cons of a barocode-Pros - A barcode is a very efficient method of entering a product's details to find out its price + it can help keep a record of stock levels of a product
    - Cons - Barcode is damaged it may not scan properly + If a barcode data is not been recorded in the computer system the scanner won't find it.
  21. 21QR code- A QR code is made up of lots of black and white squares that called modules. The QR code is 2d as it stores data both horizontally and vertically. A QR code reader is needed to read the QR code and it uses a clever error correction method called the Reed Solomon method.
  22. 22Pros and cons of a QR code- Pros - Efficient method of storing information, In can store a variety of information, If some part of the code is missing or covered it can still be read.
    - Cons - Not as common + it is used for
    advertising but ppl need the ability to read them as in have the device
  23. 23Digital Camera- A digital camera econde digital images and videos and stores them for later use.
    - With a digital camera images can be viewed immediately and the images are stored on a SD card or built in memory
  24. 24Pros and cons of digital camera- Pros: An image taken can immediately be seen on a screen. Backup copies are made, Images can be shared electronically, images can easily be edited.
    - Cons: If the camera only has a very small number of pixels the quality won't be good, Images can accidentyally be shared, if many images are taken it may require additional storage space.
  25. 25Basic hardware inside a computer- Shell
    - CPU
    - Motherboard
    - Power supply
    - RAM
    - Hard Drive
    - Graphics card
    - Heatsink
  26. 26Von Neuman modelVon Neuman model
  27. 27Clock speedMeasure of how many operations a CPU can conduct in a second.
  28. 28Stored program coneptProgram instructions and data are stored in the same memory space and retrieved as necessary.
  29. 29Immediate access storeA memory device in which access time for any location is constant and work close to CPU speeds
  30. 30Dynamic random accessmemeoruDRAM often just called RAM is where instructions were working on and the related data are stored.
  31. 31CPU role in Von Neuman modelCentral processing unit has the role to execute the program instructions one by one in order. It then acts or stores the result. This invovles sending signals to other components.
  32. 32Control unit in Von neuman model- This is inside the CPU and it coordinates the activity of all other units in the computer systems.
    - Main function are to fetch insturction from memory, decode an instruction, instruct units to perform an instruction and direct flow of data.
  33. 33Arithmetic and logic unit in Von Neumann model- Responsible for carrying out calculations and performing comparisons that results in true or false.
  34. 34Registers in Von Neumann model- A register is a small unit of memory that can be found directly on the CPU.
    - Some registers have a specific role and others considered for General purpose.
    - They are fast and use static RAM rules.
  35. 35Output devices- Inkjet
    - Laser
    - 3D printers
    - 2D and 3D cutters
    - Speakers and headphones
    - Liquid crystal display(LCD)
    - Light emitting diodes display (LED)
    - LCD projectors

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Beschreibung
Year 10 Computer Science Karteikarten am Computer Hardware, erstellt von fiery Barbarian am 23/12/2021.
Erstellt von
fiery Barbarian · Dez 2021
Aktualisiert
24 Dez 2021
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