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Digestive System

Tu Ngo Anatomy 1st grade Englisch 97 Karten

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  1. 1Hard palateBony rostral roof of the oral cavity
  2. 2Soft palateMore caudal part formed by masculomembranes
  3. 3Dental padReplaces the upper incisors and canines in ruminants to prove a heavily cornified epithelium against which lower incisors grind food
  4. 4TongueMuscular organ filling the oral cavity
  5. 5Torus linguaeRound swelling of the caudodorsal surface. Found only in ox
  6. 6Lingual fossaDepression in front of the ox's torus linguae
  7. 7Tongue cartilageBar of cartilage embedded in the ventral surface of the point of the tongue (apex). Found only in dogs and horses
  8. 8Brachydont teethSimple teeth of man, carnivores, pig, ruminant incisors, horse deciduous incisors (have a crown, neck and root)
  9. 9Hypsodont teethEver-growing teeth, no distinct neck, horse permanent teeth (exception of canines), ruminant cheek teeth, pig tusks
  10. 10Pig2 (6I, 2C, 8P, 6M) = 44
  11. 11Dog2 (6I, 2C, 8P, 5M) = 42
    4th upper premolar is known as the carnassial tooth
  12. 12Horse2 (6I, 2C or 0C, 7P or 6P, 6M) = 36-42
    Female horses do not have canines and extra premolar is known as the wolf tooth
  13. 13Ruminant2 (4I, 6P, 6M) = 32
  14. 14Cat2 (6I, 2C, 5P, 2M) = 30
  15. 15Aging of horses by teethEruption dates, incisive hook, Galvayne's groove
  16. 16Extramural glandsGlands outside the wall of the digestive system which empty into the digestive system via ducts
  17. 17SalivaConsists of water, some protein, glycoprotein, electrolytes and antibodies
  18. 18Minor glandsFound in the wall of the oral cavity and have short ducts, names based on location labial (lips, buccal (cheek) & lingual (tongue)
  19. 19Major glandsFarther away from oral cavity and have long ducts
  20. 20Parotid salivary glandUnencapsulated, lobular gland below the ear
  21. 21Parotid ductPierces the cheek mucosa for drainage. Path in carnivores and small ruminants crosses laterally over masseter. Path in horse, ox and pig goes ventrally to the inside of the mandible then into the cheek.
  22. 22Mandibular salivary glandEncapsulated, round gland located caudal to the angle of the jaw, mixed gland
  23. 23Mandibular ductRuns rostrally with major sublingual duct medial to the mandible
  24. 24Sublingual salivary glandGland under the tongue, in 2 parts
  25. 25Zygomatic glandLarge buccal gland, medial to zygomatic arch and is only in carnivores
  26. 26Pre-gastricOccurs in the reticulorumen. Only in ruminants
  27. 27Post gastricOccurs either in the cecum and/or the colon. Only in monogastric herbivores
  28. 28StomachCaudal to the espohagus, containing gastic enzymes (pepsin, rennin & HCl) secreted by the glands in the stomach wall
  29. 29Nonglandular liningContinuation of squamous epithelium of the esophagus
  30. 30Glandular liningColumnar epithelium (carnivores)
  31. 31Composite stomachLined with both types of lining (ruminants, horse & pig)
  32. 32Simple stomachSingular compartment in the carnivore (horse & pig)
  33. 33Complex stomach4 compartment stomach of the ruminant. Stomach + 3 forestomaches
  34. 34Greater curvatureLong, convex surface, greater omentum attaches here
  35. 35Lesser curvatureShort, concave surface, attachment site of the lesser omentum
  36. 36Parietal surfaceIn contact with the liver
  37. 37Visceral surfaceIn contact with the remaining abdominal viscera
  38. 38CardiaOpening and area aorund it, where the esophagus enters
  39. 39FundusBlind, expanded portion of the stomach's left side, adjacent to the cardia
  40. 40BodyLargest part
  41. 41PylorusDistal opening surrounded by a strong band of muscle, empties into the duodenum
  42. 42Blind sacExtensive fundus lined by nonglandular mucosa (horse)
  43. 43Margo plicatusVisible, internal, irregular, raised line separating the stomach's portions
  44. 44Gastric diverticulumExtension of the fundus (pig)
  45. 45Ruminant DigestionEsophagus - Rumen (papillae) - Reticulum - Omasum - Abomasum - Small intestine - Cecum - Colon
  46. 46ReticulorumenRumen and reticulum combined. Reticulum is the front pouch of rumen. Heavy objects are pushed into the reticulum
  47. 47RumenLargest compartment, filling most of the abdomen's left half, divided into dorsal and ventral sac. Fermentation vat.
  48. 48ReticulumMost cranial compartment, located against the diaphragm
  49. 49Spherical compartmentCaudal to reticulum
  50. 50AbomasumTrue stomach lined by glandular tissue, located on the right side in contact with ventral abdominal wall
  51. 51Small intestineContains the duodenum, jejunum, ileum. Absorbs minerals and vitamins. Villi increases the absorptive surface area
  52. 52DuodenumReceives ingesta from the stomach. Cranial part (sigmoid loop), cranial duodenal flexure, descending duodenum, caudal flexure, ascending duodenum, duodenojejunal fixture
  53. 53Sigmoid loop's' shaped curve in cranial part of horse ruminant and pig, located on the visceral side of the liver
  54. 54JejunumLongest part of the small intestine, begins at the duodenojejunal flexure, runs ventrally and caudally forming many coils and loops, has a long mesentery
  55. 55IleumShort, terminal portion of the small intestine, start at the end of the ileocecal fold (peritoneum between ileum and colon, empties into the large intestine
  56. 56Large intestineConsists of the cecum, colon, rectum and anal canal
  57. 57CecumBlind diverticulum beginning at the colon
  58. 58Cecocolic orificeOpening from the cecum into the colon
  59. 59Ileocecal foldThe fold of connecting peritoneum between the cecum and the ileum
  60. 60ColonAscending, transverse, descending, segments in the dorsal abdomen
  61. 61Dog large intestinesCecum - Ascending colon (Ileocolic orfice) - Transverse colon - Descending colon - Rectum - Anal sacs - Anal canal
  62. 62Ascending colonFirst part of the column in carnivores, is the right colon
  63. 63Ileocolic orficeIleal opening into the colon (not in the horse)
  64. 64Transverse colonMiddle colon arching cranially from right to left
  65. 65Descending colonLongest segment of the large intestine, extends from the transverse caudally of the left side
  66. 66RectumThe large intestine in the pelvic cavity, from descending to anal canal
  67. 67Anal canalShort termination opening to the exterior as the anus
  68. 68Anal sacsPuches located between the inner and outer sphincter muscles of the carnivore's anus, open into the anal canal
  69. 69Pig large intestineCecum - Ascending colon or spiral loop - Transverse colon - Descending colon - rectum - anal cavity
  70. 70Ox large intestineCecum - Ascending colon (proximal loop, spiral loop, distal loop) - Transverse column - Descending column (Sigmoid flexure) - Rectum - Anal cavity
  71. 71Horse Large IntestineCecum (Base, body, apex) - Ileocecal opening - Cecocolic opening - Ascending colon (right ventral colon, sternal flexure, left ventral colon, left dorsal colon, diaphragmatic flexure, right dorsal colon) - Transverse colon - Descending colon - Rectum - Anal cavity
  72. 72Ileocecal openingIleal opening into the base of the cecum
  73. 73Cecocolic openingOpening at the base of the cecum to the ascending colon
  74. 74PeritoneumSerosa lining the abdomen and covering organs
  75. 75Parietal PeritoneumSerosa lining the inner wall of the abdominal, pelvic and scrotal cavities
  76. 76Visceral PeritoneumSerosa covering organs of the abdominal and pelvic cavities
  77. 77Connecting PeritoneumDouble layered serosa connection parietal and visceral peritoneum or between 2 visceral layers
  78. 78RetroperitonealA structure between the peritoneum and the cavity wall thus having no connecting peritoneum. Ex. Kidneys
  79. 79MesenteriesType of connecting peritoneum between intestinal and reproductive tracts to the abdominal wall
  80. 80Root of the mesenteryNarrow attachment of the long mesojejunum and mesoileum to the dorsal wall of the abdomen
  81. 81OmentumA double layered connecting peritoneum between the stomach and abdominal organs or the abdominal wall
  82. 82Lesser omentumConnects to the lesser curvature and the duodenum with the liver. Connects with the omasum abomasum and duodenum in ruminants.
  83. 83Greater omentumConnects the greater curvature to the dorsal abdominal wall has a superficial and deep leaf. Connects rumen to the duodenum forming a sling in ruminants.
  84. 84LiverLAagest gland in the body, extramural digestive gland, situated between vessels draining the intestines and general circulations
  85. 85Caudal vena cavaRuns through the dorsal portion of the liver
  86. 86PortaArea where vessels and nerves enter, on the visceral surface
  87. 87Renal impressionIndentation of the right kidney on the liver's right side
  88. 88Diaphragmatic surfaceConvex shape in contact with the diaphragm
  89. 89Lobes of the liverLeft, right, quadrate, caudate
  90. 90Papillary processIn the lesser curvature of the stomach
  91. 91Caudate processForms the renal impression
  92. 92LobuleEach structural unit of the liver
  93. 93Gall bladderSac storing and concentrating bile that aids in digestion and lubrication of food entering the duodenum (Absent in horse)
  94. 94Cystic ductConnects with the hepatic ducts, these join to form the bile duct
  95. 95PancreasV-shaped gland composed of two lobes
  96. 96Endocrine functionSecrete insulin, glucagon and maintain sugar levels
  97. 97Exocrine functionPancreatic enzymes taht aid in digestion of carbs, fats & proteins are carried to the descending duodenum by the pancreatic ducts

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Beschreibung
1st grade Anatomy Karteikarten am Digestive System, erstellt von Tu Ngo am 10/03/2022.
Erstellt von
Tu Ngo
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