Karteikarten
Radioactivity
Karten in diesem Stapel (37)
- 1Define RadioactivityIt is the spontaneous breaking up of unstable nuclei with the emission of one or more types of radiation
- 2What did Henri Becquerel (1896) do?He put uranium salts on a photographic plate wrapped in black paper. He realised that the uranium was emitting radiation. He called this process radioactivity
- 3What did Pierre and Marie CUrie (1898) do?They extracted polonium and radium from an ore of uranium called pitchblende
- 4What are the three types of radiation?alpha particles, beta particles and Gamma rays
- 5What are alpha particles?They are two protons and two nucleus= helium nucleus
- 6When do alpha particles occur?Its when pieces of the nucleus are thrown out of the unstable nucleus as it changes to a more stable nucleus
- 7At what speed do alpha particles travel at?Relatively slowly
- 8What effect does an electric field have on alpha particles?Attracted to negatively charged plate
- 9What is the penetrating power of alpha particles?Stopped by paper
- 10What is the charge of alpha particles?Positive
- 11What are beta particles?High Energy Electrons
- 12When do beta particles occur?They are formed when a neutron in an unstable nucleus is changed into a proton and an electron
- 13At what speed do beta particles travel at?Fast-moving
- 14What effect does an eletric field have on beta particles?Attracted to positively charged plate
- 15What is the penetrating power of beta particles?Stopped by 5mm thick of Aluminum foil
- 16What charge does a beta particle have?Negative
- 17What is gamma radiation?High energy waves
- 18When does gamma radiation occur?When an unstable nucleus emits gamma radiation to lose surplus energy
- 19At what speed does gamma radiation travel at?Travel at the speed of light
- 20What effect does an electric field have on gamma radiation?no effect
- 21What is the penetrating power of gamma radiation?Stopped by several cm of lead (Pb)
- 22What is the charge of gamma radiation?Neutral
- 23What is an example of alpha particle emitter?Americium-241 (241 Am)
- 24What is an example of beta particle emitter?Carbon-14 (14 C)
- 25What is an example of gamma ray emitter?Cobalt-60 (60 Co)
- 26What is a nuclear reaction?It is a process that alters the composition, structure or energy of an atomic nucleus
- 27What happens in a chemical reaction?1. Involves electrons rather than nucleus- nuclei of the atoms stay the same
2. No new element is formed
3. No release of nuclear radiation
4. Chemical bonds broken and formed - 28What happens in a nuclear reaction?1. Nucleus changes, electron in energy levels remain unchanged
2. New element formed- transmutation
3.Nuclear radiation is released
4. No chemical bond breaking or bond formation involved - 29How do you write a balanced equation for an alpha particle decay reaction?you add a helium atom with a mass number of 4 and an atomic number of 2 which therefore decreases those numbers in the other element forming a new element
e.g 226, 88 Ra---> 222, 86 Rn + 4, 2 He - 30How do you write a balanced equation for a beta particle decay reaction?you add an electron to the equation which subsequently decreases the atomic number by 1 but the mass number stays the same
e.g. 14, 6 C---> 14, 7 N + 0, -1 e - 31What is a radioisotope?It is a radioactive isotope
- 32What are isotopes?They are atoms of the same element with different mass number due to the different number of neutrons in the nucleus
- 33What is an example of alpha particle emitter radioisotope and its use?241 Am is used in smoke detectors
- 34What is an example of beta particle emitter radioisotope and its use?14 C is used in carbon dating- a process to determine the age of artefacts
- 35What is an example of gamma rays radioisotope and its use?60 Co is used in cancer treatments and also in food irradiation to prevent spoiling
- 36What is the half-life of an element?It is the time taken for half of the nuclei in any given sample to decay
- 37Why does radiation occur naturally?This is due to several factors
->the radioactive gas radon in the earths crust
->the testing of nuclear weapons and accidents at nuclear power plants contribute to radioactivity
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Leaving Certificate Chemistry (Radioactivity) Karteikarten am Radioactivity, erstellt von Adrianna Bialecka am 03/11/2022.
- Erstellt von
- Adrianna Bialecka
- Aufrufe
- 0
- Bewertung