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OCR Computing GCSE Flashcards -General

Mel Hughes Computing GCSE Englisch 86 Karten

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  1. 1Name some devices you use dailyMobile phone, Calculator, Watch, Interactive white board, Projector, Printer, Desktop computer, Laptop
  2. 2Embedded SystemA computer system that forms part of an electronic device
  3. 3KernelThe lowest level of an operating system that controls the hardware
  4. 4HTMLHypertext mark up language - a text based system for defining web pages
  5. 5PDFPortable document format - a file standard that displays a document accuratley on any computer platform
  6. 6Internation Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)The world's largest standards developing organisation. It produces international standards for engineering,agriculture and medicine, as well as for information technology
  7. 7TCP/IPTransmisson control protocol/internet protocol - a set of standards that control how data is sent across networks including the internet
  8. 8Computer ArchitectureThe internal, logical structure and organisation of the computer hardware
  9. 9BinaryA system of number using only two digits 0 and 1 (also called the base-2 system), unlike the decimal (or denary) system in everyday use that that uses ten (base-10)
  10. 10CPUCentral processing unit of the computer containing the control unit, ALU and cache memory
  11. 11Control UnitThe control unit works with CPU to control the flow of data within the system
  12. 12ALUThe ALU performs all the arithmetic and logical operations within the CPU
  13. 13Random Acess Memory (RAM)Main memory of computer that stores data,applications and the operating system while in use.When the power is turned off RAM loses it's data
  14. 14Cache MemorySpecial high speed memory used by a computer
  15. 15Flash MemorySolid-state memory used as low cost secondary storage in portable devices and as removable memory
  16. 16Solid StateTechnology based on electronics with no moving parts, for example transistors and capicatators as used in memory chips
  17. 17Secondary StorageNon-volatile storage used to store programs and files that need to be kept even when the power is not on
  18. 18Fetch-execute cycleThis is the process of fetching the instruction from memory, decoding them and then executing them so that the CPU performs continuously
  19. 19Read Only Memory (ROM)A store for data in a computer that cannot be overwritten. Data in ROM is always avaliable and is not lost when the computer is turned off
  20. 20Clock ChipThe electronic device in a computer that controls the timing of signals
  21. 21BusA part of computer architecture that transfers data and signals between components of the computer
  22. 22MotherboardThe central printed circuit board (PCB) that holds the crucial components of the system
  23. 23Dual-core/Quad-CoreA CPU with multiple processors (a dual-core has two,a quad-core has four)
  24. 24BitBinary Digit 0 to 1
  25. 25Byte8 Bits
  26. 26Kilobyte1024 Bytes
  27. 27VolatileData lost when there is no power
  28. 28Non-VolatileData rentained even when power turned off
  29. 29Virtual MemoryA section of hard disk used as if it were RAM to supplement the amount of main memory avaliable to the computer.Used when there is not enough main memory to run the programs required
  30. 30Logice GateA circuit that produces an output based on the inputs
  31. 31NOT:A logic gate that outputs the opposite value to the input
  32. 32AND:A logice gate that outputs 1 if both inputs are 1
  33. 33OR:A logic gate that outputs 1 if either,or both,of the two inputs are one
  34. 34Truth TableA method for recording all the possible input combinations and determing the output for each
  35. 35Logic CircuitA circuit made by combining a sequence of logic gates
  36. 36Boolean AlgebraA method for expressing mathematically a logic circuit
  37. 37Input DeviceA hardware device used to input data into a computer system for processing
  38. 38KeyboardA device that uses labelled keys to enable data input into a computer
  39. 39MouseA device that controls the movement of a pointed on screen,based on it's own movement, and allows the user to select an object by pressing a button
  40. 40Touch ScreenA touch sensitive surface that allows the user to select,control or move objects by touching icons and symbols using fingers
  41. 41MicrophoneA device for capturing sound
  42. 42CameraA device to capture still or moving images
  43. 43Bar CodeA pattern of thin and thick lines representing a number that can be scanned by a reader for input into a computer system
  44. 44RFIDRadio Frequency identification used radio frequencies to represent a number that can be scanned for input into a computer system
  45. 45SensorA device that can detect physical conditions such as temperature,weight,light and sound
  46. 46MonitorA device that can display images and text
  47. 47PrinterA device to produce physical copies of output from a computer system
  48. 48SpeakerA device to output sound
  49. 49AcutatorA device to produce physical movement based on output from a computer system
  50. 50Magnetic Hard DiskSecondary storage device using magnetised platters to store data and files
  51. 51Optical DiskSecondary Storage device using lasers to read (and write) data to a reflective surface.For storing files to be distributed or transferred orr for backup of important files
  52. 52CDA type of optical drive with a capacity of 700mb
  53. 53DVDA type of optical device with a capacity of 4.7GB
  54. 54AlgorithmA series of steps designed to slove mathematical or other problems
  55. 55InstructionsA set of commands that a processor can recognise and act upon
  56. 56ProgramA stored set of instructions for a computer to exectute
  57. 57SoftwareThe programs that run on a computer
  58. 58ApplicationSoftware designed to carry out a useful real-world task
  59. 59PlatformA combination of hardware and operating system that supports the running of particular applications
  60. 60Programming LanguageA way of writing instructions for a computer to execute
  61. 61Machine CodeInstructions in binary used by the CPU
  62. 62Low-Level LanguageA programming language that is directed at controlling each machine operation
  63. 63High-Level LanuageA programming language that resembles a natural language. Each instruction translates to many machine instructions. It is problem based rather than machine based
  64. 64Software EngineeringFormal methods to guide the writing of software
  65. 65InterfaceThe boundary between systems or between systems and humans
  66. 66ComplierTranslation software that converts high-level source code into machine (object) core
  67. 67InterepreterTranslation software that coverts source code or user input into machine code whihc is immideatley executed one instructions at a time
  68. 68LinkerSoftware that combines together a number of seperate object code files
  69. 69DebuggerSoftware that helps a programmer track down faults in a program
  70. 70Operating SystemThe software that controls hardware.It acts as an interface between the user and the hardware and also between applications and hardware
  71. 71Self-BootingThe ability of a program to load itself.Some small devices load their applications directly without the need for a conventional operating system
  72. 72Web ServerA server that handles requests to a website
  73. 73PlatformA combination of hardware and operating system that supports the running of particular appliances
  74. 74KernalThe lowest level of an operating system that controls the hardware
  75. 75ProcessA program currently being executed
  76. 76Command LineThe place where typed commands are given to the operating system
  77. 77ShellSoftware that provides a traditional text based interface to an operating system
  78. 78Device DriverA program that enables communication between a computer and a peripheral
  79. 79InterruptA signal to the operating system to stop what it is doing and perform na different task instead
  80. 80AppletA small applicaation that performs one specific task
  81. 81Embedded SystemA computer system that forms part of an electronic device
  82. 82FirmwareSoftware that is stored permanently ina deevice, such as control programs for devices
  83. 83ClientSoftware or hardware that requests services from a server
  84. 84ServerSoftware that provides services to a client,or the hardware that is running it
  85. 85UtilityA small program designed to carry out a limited maintanence task
  86. 86Virus DetectionThe process of discovering possibly harmful viruses in a computer

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GCSE Computing (General 2) Karteikarten am OCR Computing GCSE Flashcards -General, erstellt von Mel Hughes am 02/09/2016.
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