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Karteikarten

Muscles

izzy-whizzy Human Physiology and Anatomy Englisch 15 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (15)

  1. 1Smooth MuscleLocated in the walls of hollow structures e.g. blood vessels, airways.
    Action usually involuntary.
  2. 2Skeletal MuscleAppears striated alternating light and dark bands.
    Most involved in moving the skeleton.
    Voluntary movement.
    Well supplied with nerves and blood vessels.
    Stimulated by somatic motor neurons.
  3. 3Cardiac MuscleShorter in length than skeletal muscle.
    Only found in the heart.
    Action is involuntary.
    Striated.
    Cant regenerate.
    End of cardiac muscle fibers are connected to neighboring fibers by intercalated discs.
  4. 4Functions of Muscles1- Movement: integrated function of the muscles, bones and joints.
    2- Heat Generation: muscle contraction produces heat (thermogenesis).
    3- Stabilisation: helps to maintain body positions.
    4- Storage and Movement of Substances: spincters and peristalsis.
  5. 5Sarcoplasmic ReticulumSurrounds each myofibril.
    Similar to smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
    Stores calcium ions which are released for muscle contraction.
  6. 6Myofibrils'Contractile organelles' of muscle fiber.
    Thread-like structures that extend the entire length of muscle fiber.
  7. 7SarcoplasmCytoplasm of the muscle fiber.
    Contains glycogen: metabolised to release glucose for ATP production.
    Myoglobin: bind and release oxygen for ATP production.
  8. 8SarcolemmaPlasma membrane of a muscle cell.
  9. 9Myofibril: Structural ProteinsKeep myofibrils aligned and provide stability and elasticity.
    e.g. dystrophin and alpha-actin.
  10. 10Myofibril: Regulatory ProteinsSwitch on and off muscle contraction.
    Troponin and tropomyosin.
  11. 11Myofibril: Contractile ProteinsGenerate for during muscle contraction.
    Actin and Myosin.
  12. 12TroponinHold tropomyosin in place,
    Ca2+ ions bind to troponin and change its shape allowing tropomyosin to move away from myosin binding sites.
  13. 13TropomyosinCovers myosin binding sites in relaxed tissue.
  14. 14ActinMain component of thin filaments.
    Contains myosin binding sites.
  15. 15Myosin (thick filaments)A motor protein shaped like two twisted golf clubs.
    Uses ATP to produce movement of filaments.

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Human Physiology and Anatomy Karteikarten am Muscles, erstellt von izzy-whizzy am 01/05/2013.
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izzy-whizzy
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