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Biology Final - part 1 (Chapters 2-3, 4-5, 8-9)

Jennifer Morrison General Englisch 200 Karten

Biology Final - part 1 (Chapters 2-3, 4-5, 8-9)

Karten in diesem Stapel (200)

  1. 1Monocots differ from eudicots in that monocots haveleaf veins that are parallel.
  2. 2The fibers that get stuck between your teeth when you eat celery arecollenchyma.
  3. 3What is the value of photosynthesis to humans?It will reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
  4. 4The reservoir for hydrogen ions for chemiosmotic ATP synthesis during photosynthesis is thethylakoid space.
  5. 5In the Calvin cycle, the three-carbon molecule that will be immediately formed after carbon dioxide fixation occurs is3PG.
  6. 6What will cycle the energized electrons from the reaction center of PS I back to the reaction center in PS I?cyclic electron pathway
  7. 7Why are plant leaves green?They reflect green wavelengths of light.
  8. 8We set up an experiment where the same species of plant is grown in boxes covered with plastic that only allows a single color of light through. In which box would we expect the least plant growth and even perhaps the death of the plant to occur?green
  9. 9What are the two sets of reactions for photosynthesis?light reactions, Calvin cycle reactions
  10. 10Which is NOT a correct association? gladiolus-bulb onion-bulb iris-rhizome strawberry-stolon potato-tubergladiolus-bulb
  11. 11For water transport to occur there must bea continuous column of water in xylem and transpiration of water at the leaves.
  12. 12Wood is composed ofsecondary xylem.
  13. 13One of the products of the Calvin cycle isG3P.
  14. 14To what does the term grana refer?a stack of thylakoid membrane structures
  15. 15What is the correct sequence of zones in a longitudinal section of a root, starting from the bottom?zone of cell division → zone of elongation → zone of maturation
  16. 16The Calvin cycle reactions are dependent upon a supply ofcarbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP.
  17. 17An aphid is an insect that has mouthparts to sip plant sap. When placed on an herbaceous stem, it soon has its mouthparts embedded and is withdrawing plant sap. Sometimes so much plant sap is taken that it cannot use all of it and the aphid secretes droplets of the sugar to attract ants that in turn protect and care for the aphids. What layer of cells has the aphid's mouthparts tapped?phloem
  18. 18A plant with small leaves and sunken stomata is most likely to be found in adesert.
  19. 19The specialized tissue in a root that functions in food storage is thecortex.
  20. 20A 15-foot tree growing in a fence row is used as a fence post to which barbed wire is stapled at a height of 5 feet. Years later, the tree is 30 feet high. The barbed wire of the fence is embedded in the tree bark at5 feet high, since the lengthening of the trunk occurs at the apical meristem.
  21. 21Photosynthesis shows higher activity for violet/blue and orange/red and a lower absorption for green/yellow. If we could create a different photosynthetic pigment that absorbed absolutely all visible wavelengths of light, the leaves would appear which color?black
  22. 22Root hairs are found in which area of the root?zone of maturation
  23. 23The flattened sacs within the stroma of a chloroplast, which are connected to form a single inner compartment, are calledthylakoids.
  24. 24What are the products of photosynthesis?oxygen and carbohydrate
  25. 25How many membranes does a chloroplast have?three
  26. 26Parasitic plants have specialized roots for invading a host plant's tissues. What are these roots called?haustoria
  27. 27The stalk that attaches a leaf blade to a stem is a(n)petiole.
  28. 28Which statement about leaves is NOT correct? -Gas exchange occurs through tiny openings in the leaf surface called stomata. -Regulation of gas exchange through the leaf is the responsibility of the guard cells. -The epidermis is covered by a waxy layer of cuticle that reduces water loss. -The photosynthetic mesophyll is made up of an upper spongy layer and a lower palisade layer. -Vascular tissue is arranged in a net pattern in eudicots and a parallel pattern in monocots.The photosynthetic mesophyll is made up of an upper spongy layer and a lower palisade layer.
  29. 29Which structure is directly associated with the terminal bud?shoot tip
  30. 30Which stem modifications are underground, thin, papery leaves and have a thick stem that lie dormant during the winter?corms
  31. 31Water is split and oxygen is released inthe noncyclic electron pathway.
  32. 32Considering that leaf stomata have the conflicting functions of allowing gaseous carbon dioxide into the leaf, yet preserving the plant's supply of water, which of the following is not reasonableLeaves of plants in dry areas will have more stomata than leaves of plants in humid areas.
  33. 33The waxy material known as the Casparian strip is found onendodermal cells.
  34. 34Most major food plants such as wheat, oats, and rice are in the group ofC3 plants.
  35. 35While transplanting flowers you accidentally damaged the roots. What is the most likely scenario that will occur as a result of damage to the roots?The slimy sheath on the root cap has been wiped off and the parenchyma cells were damaged, resulting in damage to the zone of cell division.
  36. 36Sugars are conducted through plant tissues by thephloem.
  37. 37The formation of carbohydrate occurs within thestroma.
  38. 38Which of the following statements is NOT true about wood? -In the temperate regions, wood forms annual rings. -Heartwood transports water to the leaves throughout the life of the tree. -In large trees, the most recently formed layer of cells transports water. -The wood produced in the summer will have a lower proportion of vessels than wood produced in the spring. -The vessels will be larger in size in the spring due to more moisture.Heartwood transports water to the leaves throughout the life of the tree.
  39. 39The "antenna" system of a plant that gathers the solar energy consists ofthe pigment complex.
  40. 40Which statement about photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true? Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria, while cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts. Photosynthesis produces water, while cellular respiration uses water. Photosynthesis requires oxygen, while cellular respiration requires sunlight. Photosynthesis produces oxygen, while cellular respiration uses oxygen. Photosynthesis breaks down carbohydrates, while cellular respiration produces carbohydrates.Photosynthesis produces oxygen, while cellular respiration uses oxygen.
  41. 41The reason that deciduous leaves turn bright colors of red and yellow in the fall iswhen chlorophyll breaks down, the remaining pigments other than green will show through.
  42. 42Some herbicides inhibit the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane. Without the movement of electrons, hydrogen ions would not be pumped from the stroma to the thylakoid space and the hydrogen ion gradient would not be established. How would this affect the Calvin cycle reactions?ATP would not be produced and, as a result, the Calvin cycle reactions would not occur.
  43. 43Entrance of minerals into the vascular cylinder of a root are regulated by theendodermis tissues.
  44. 44What pathway moves the electrons from water through PS II to PS I and then on to NADP+?noncyclic electron pathway
  45. 45Which of the following statements is false?During photosynthesis, oxygen is used.
  46. 46Most of the water obtained by a plant enters through theroot hairs.
  47. 47An early experiment by Van Helmont (1600s) describes how he grew a tree in a large pot and found that after five years, the amount of soil in the pot had not changed. He concluded that the increase in weight was due to the addition of water. At that time, the compounds of the air had not yet been identified. Today, it is known that he only discovered half the story. Which of these experiments would NOT provide evidence that materials from a source other than water were involved in photosynthesis?After adding radioactive water with labeled oxygen to a plant, radioactive oxygen is given off.
  48. 48Which cofactor is involved in the Calvin cycle reactions?NADP+
  49. 49NADPH and ATP are used in theCalvin cycle reactions.
  50. 50What are the stages of the Calvin cycle?carbon dioxide fixation, carbon dioxide reduction, and regeneration of RuBP
  51. 51Which of the following would be a way of finishing this hypothesis about the function of the Golgi apparatus? If the Golgi apparatus is involved in packaging products for secretion, thenvesicles must travel from the Golgi to the cell surface.
  52. 52The two isotopes shown below differ in the number ofneutronsThe two isotopes shown below differ in the number of
  53. 53The Golgi apparatus directs its protein products to the correct location in the cell based onthe specific molecule that is added and the molecule determines the destination in or out of the cell.
  54. 54The failure of which organelle during development can result in a child being born with webbed toes?lysosomes
  55. 55A long chain of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached, ending in the acidic group -COOH would be a(n)fatty acid
  56. 56Mitochondria are bounded by a double membrane. The inner-filled space is called the matrix, which contains ______________ that break down carbohydrate products, releasing _______________ to be used for ATP production.enzymes/energy
  57. 57The ____ will store pigments and toxins in plant cells.vacuole
  58. 580.2/0.2 points awarded Item Scored Item 8 Item 8 0.2 of 0.2 points awarded Item Scored One carbon atom can form covelant bonds with up to ___ other atoms to form an organic molecule.4
  59. 59During photosynthesis, solar energy is converted to chemical energy by the chloroplasts. The process is represented bysolar energy + carbon dioxide + water → carbohydrate + oxygen
  60. 60Two molecules of glucose combine to form a disaccharide molecule during a(n) ________ reaction.dehydration
  61. 61Microtubulesform a spindle that distributes chromosomes in an orderly manner.
  62. 62Which of the following is not a property of water that results from hydrogen bonding?Ice melts at -100°C.
  63. 63The _____ structure of a protein consists of the sequence of the amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.primary
  64. 64Which of the following radiation uses is the one that is most likely to have both beneficial and harmful consequences?using radiation to treat a cancer patient
  65. 65When an ionic bond forms, electrons aretransferred from one atom to another.
  66. 66Enzymes are organic compounds classified asproteins.
  67. 67In moving from the outside environment to the inside of a bacterium, the first layer encountered would bethe capsule.
  68. 68Which of the following molecules is inorganic? C6H6 C12H22O12 CH4 C6H12O6 CO2CO2
  69. 69In plants, chloroplasts are necessary forphotosynthesis.
  70. 70Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonding is incorrect?Hydrogen bonding occurs only between water molecules.
  71. 71Determine which of the following components are required for a molecule to be classified as organic.presence of carbon, hydrogen, four electrons in the outer orbital, and the attachment of a functional group
  72. 72The "powerhouse" of the cell is themitochondria.
  73. 73Which cellular structure is responsible for packaging materials with the cell?Golgi apparatus
  74. 74If the mitochondrion is the result of endosymbiosis, what membrane of the mitochondrion represents the engulfing vesicle?the outer mitochondrial membrane
  75. 75When a lysosome fuses with a vacuole,its contents are digested.
  76. 76In the search to discover the agents that cause mad cow disease, scrapie in sheep, and CJD and kuru in humans, diseased brain tissues were passed through a fine filter to remove bacteria. The filtrate was still infectious, indicating that something smaller than bacteria, either viruses or organic molecules, must be the causative agent. If a virus was responsible for these brain diseases, then the infectious agent would contain either RNA or DNA. Other possibilities were that the agent was a carbohydrate, fat, or protein. Tissue filtrates were treated with agents that destroyed just one of these chemicals and then injected into a healthy animal, with the results as follows. What is the infectious agent? •Amylase digests carbohydrates; tissue filtrate still infects healthy test animal. •Lipase digests fats; tissue filtrate still infects healthy test animal. •Formaldehyde and/or heat denatures DNA and RNA; tissue filtrate still infects healthy test animal. •Trypsin digests protein; tissue filtrate does not infect healthy test animal.protein
  77. 77According to cell theorynew cells arise only from preexisting cells.
  78. 78Hydrogen bonding produces which of the following properties of water?Water is less dense as ice than as liquid water.
  79. 79If an element has an atomic number of 12, how many electrons are in its outermost shell?2
  80. 80When viewed through a microscope, one characteristic of living cells is that their internal structures move. What organelles are most directly responsible for this motion we see?mitochondria and cytoskeleton
  81. 81Cellular respiration is best associated with themitochondrion.
  82. 82Which of the following statements is NOT true of chemical bonds?Salts are covalently bonded.
  83. 83Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic celllacks organelles beyond ribosomes.
  84. 84What evidence suggests that proteins are synthesized and modified in the rough ER as opposed to the smooth ER?Ribosomes are associated with the surface of the rough ER.
  85. 85Ribosomes are composed ofRNA and protein.
  86. 86Rain falling in the northeastern U.S. has a pH between 5.0 and 4.0. Normally, rainwater has a pH of about 5.6. Which of the following statements is not correct?The pH of the rainwater has changed from neutral to acidic.
  87. 87The motor molecules associated with actin filaments are calledmyosin.
  88. 88Which statement regarding acids and bases is correct?Acids increase the proportion of hydrogen ions (H+), and bases reduce the proportion of H+.
  89. 89Which of the following molecules is NOT a compound? H20 NaOH C6H1206 H2 HCIH2
  90. 90Which of the following sequences correctly lists the bonds in order of strongest to weakest?double covalent - single covalent - ionic - hydrogen
  91. 91Which type of lipid molecule is characterized by a backbone of four fused rings?steroid
  92. 92Which structure regulates passage of molecules into and out of the bacterial cell?plasma membrane
  93. 93Both plant and animal cells have mitochondria because they bothneed ATP for energy.
  94. 94An ion is an atom thathas a net charge.
  95. 95The moon lacks life and varies dramatically in temperature. If we could keep a layer of water spread on the surface of the moon, what effect would it have?Water would absorb and hold heat and moderate the temperature extremes.
  96. 96Which organelle has a 9 + 0 pattern of microtubules?centriole
  97. 97Isotopes of a given element havethe same number of protons but differ in atomic mass.
  98. 98Which of the following would not be a function of the peroxisomes?store toxic materials in the cell
  99. 99Proteins are processed and modified in the interior of therough endoplasmic reticulum.
  100. 100Which of the following is not a function of ATP within the cell? conduction of nerve impulses energy currency of the cell synthesis of macromolecules contraction of muscle cells All of the answer choices are functions of ATP within the cell.All of the answer choices are functions of ATP within the cell.
  101. 101Upon examination, a cell is found to have twice as much DNA as the normal diploid state but is no longer in the process of replicating the DNA. All of the DNA is found within a single nucleus. Which stage of the cell cycle is this cell in?G2 phase
  102. 102Which of the following statements is true regarding the inside and outside of the plasma membrane?Both the inside and outside layers make up the phospholipid bilayer but cytoskeletal filaments are present on the inside layer and carbohydrate chains of glycolipids and proteins are present on the outside layer.
  103. 103When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the cell wall preventsthe cell from bursting.
  104. 104You are examining a cell under the microscope that is undergoing cell division and cannot find any asters. What else would not be present in this cell?a cleavage furrow
  105. 105Which of the following is the correct sequence for the cell cycle?S-G2-M-G1
  106. 106Which of the following are genetically identical?sister chromatids
  107. 107You are looking at a cell under the microscope, and see what appears to be several "X" structures being pulled to each side of the cell. What stage of meiosis are you looking at?anaphase I
  108. 108How can marine animals such as sharks live in salt water?They increase or decrease the amount of urea in their blood until the blood is isotonic with the environment.
  109. 109Without considering the variation provided by crossing-over, how much will two siblings from one set of parents vary from each other?Siblings inherit essentially 50% of their genes from each parent, but two sibling offspring may share with each other from zero to 23 chromosomes in common from each parent and therefore vary widely from each other.
  110. 110Proteins do NOT pass through cell membranes becausethey are very large molecules.
  111. 111Kidney dialysis relies on diffusion of various dissolved waste molecules (solutes) across a non-living semipermeable membrane. If the concentration of solutes in the blood increases over time before dialysis is administered, what will happen to the rate of dialysis when it occurs?The rate will speed up since the concentration gradient is higher.
  112. 112Which components of a cell membrane are used for cell-to-cell recognition?glycoproteins
  113. 113How does cell division differ between animal and plant cells?The cell plate is the final partitioning of plant cells.
  114. 114The definition of osmosis is thediffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
  115. 115Which is NOT a correct association?mitosis-when a cell duplicates and then divides twice to reduce chromosome number by half
  116. 116What lines up at the metaphase plate during metaphase II of meiosis and metaphase of mitosis?each chromosome composed of two sister chromatids at both
  117. 117A differentially permeable membrane separates a molasses solution from distilled water. Over time, themolasses will become more dilute.
  118. 118Growth factors that are transported through the blood play what role in the cell cycle?an external signal to tell the cell whether or not to divide
  119. 119The genes that code for the proteins of the signaling pathway could be classified asproto-oncogenes.
  120. 120What property of phospholipids makes them suitable for the formation of the double layer found in membranes?They have both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic end.
  121. 121A student sitting on the back row opened a bottle of foul-smelling perfume and dabbed it on her wrists. One by one (beginning from the back of the room) the students began to cough due to the foul smell. This phenomena was due todiffusion.
  122. 122Receptor-mediated endocytosis involves all of the following EXCEPTsecretion of materials from a cell.
  123. 123Which of the following is not involved in the regulation of the cell cycle?caspases
  124. 124In the emergency room, saline solutions are often run into a person's vein. The saline solution must be0.9% NaCl.
  125. 125Which of the following refers to materials only leaving the cell?exocytosis
  126. 126When blood supplies oxygen and food to a cell surface and these molecules diffuse across, we might expect some "resting time." However, if we inspected most cell membranes in a living human body, we would find a nearly continuous flow of substances back-and-forth across the plasma membrane. Which of the following is not a reason why?Cells are living entities and in order to live can never “rest.”
  127. 127We presume that meiosis evolved later than mitosis. What process would not have to evolve in cells undergoing meiosis in order to make this transition?a method of lining up single chromosomes along the metaphase plate
  128. 128The mitotic stage of cell division consists ofmitosis and cytokinesis.
  129. 129If the total number of chromosomes in a cell is six, then after mitosis there will besix chromosomes in each daughter cell.
  130. 130In the Malpighian tubules of an insect (blind, threadlike excretory tubule attached to the gut of an insect), salt molecules are actively transferred from body fluids to the inside of the tubule. Which of the following is NOT true?The tubules have the same tonicity as the body fluids.
  131. 131During crossing-over,chromatids exchange segments of genetic material.
  132. 132What forms the contractile ring in animal cells?actin filaments
  133. 133In the new procedures developed to clone a mammalian cell, the nucleus is removed from an egg cell and the nucleus from the adult to be cloned is injected inside this cell. If we did this process with a basketball, we would permanently damage the shell. What property of the cell repairs this damage?the fluid-mosaic nature of the membrane
  134. 134If the diploid chromosome number is 16, the chromosome number of each gamete will be8
  135. 135When a substance moves from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration while using energy, the process is termedactive transport.
  136. 136Which is a correct association of protein types?enzymatic proteins-carry out metabolic reactions directly
  137. 137Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed ofchromatin.
  138. 138Osmosis can occur when a membrane issemipermeable.
  139. 139What lines up at the metaphase plate during both metaphase I of meiosis and metaphase of mitosis?homologous chromosomes for meiosis, each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids for mitosis
  140. 140Which of the following is not true concerning the checkpoints in the cell cycle?The first checkpoint is located in the S phase of interphase.
  141. 141Which intercellular junction allows for the rapid movement of small molecules or ions to flow from one animal cell to the next?gap junctions
  142. 142Which of the following is not a reason why two children born to the same parents (not identical twins) are unlikely to have the same genetic makeup?Since they are produced at different times, all sperm will be genetically different from all other sperm.
  143. 143What two components are commonly found in the extracellular matrix that help resist stretching and provide resilience?proteins and polysaccharides
  144. 144Of the following conditions, which is absolutely necessary for diffusion to take place?a concentration difference
  145. 145During what stage of meiosis do sister chromatids separate from each other?anaphase II
  146. 146During which stage of the cell cycle do the chromosomes duplicate?interphase
  147. 147A cell is placed in a solution of large nutrient molecules tagged with a red dye. Soon the cell is dark red, showing a concentration of the nutrient much higher than the external solution. We add a reagent that blocks the use of ATP. What result would you expect from this experiment?The color will remain the same since all future transfer will stop.
  148. 148During which phase will homologous chromosomes separate?anaphase I
  149. 149A semipermeable membrane sac filled with water and large molecules of starch is suspended in a beaker of distilled water. What will happen?Water will enter the sac and it will swell.
  150. 150An isotonic solution means that the solute concentration outside the cellis the same as inside the cell.
  151. 151What phase(s) of cellular respiration produce(s) NADH + H+?glycolysis, preparatory reaction, and citric acid cycle
  152. 152Heat is not a form of energy. True or FalseFalse
  153. 153The final products of glycolysis are2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH + H+.
  154. 154The energy difference between the reactant glucose and oxygen molecules and the product water and carbon dioxide is 686 kilocalories, yet the 36 ATP molecules produced are only storing 263 kilocalories in their outermost phosphate bond. The rest of the energy wentto provide heat that is soon lost from the organism.
  155. 155There is a net gain of four ATPs as a result of glycolysis. True or FalseFalse
  156. 156Why does FADH2 result in fewer ATP than NADH + H+?FADH2 drops its electrons off lower on the electron transport chain.
  157. 157Which molecules are the products of aerobic respiration?on dioxide and water
  158. 158Fermentation is the process that allows bread to rise. True or FalseTrue
  159. 159In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind?to the enzyme of the first reaction
  160. 160The reason an increase in substrate concentration will not increase the reaction rate indefinitely is becausethe active site will become saturated with substrate and the enzyme will not be able to go any faster.
  161. 161While eating a container of yogurt, you have to leave, so you store the yogurt in the refrigerator. A day later you return and find the surface of the yogurt is no longer smooth but has broken into several liquified products. You correctly guess that enzymes from your saliva, via the spoon, have continued digesting the yogurt in your absence. What will happen over time?As long as the enzyme is not denatured by environmental conditions, the reaction will continue until all of the substrate is used up.
  162. 162Enzymes, coenzymes, and cofactors provide a mechanism for a cell to regulate the metabolism of a large amount of cell products using small quantities of chemicals. True or FalseTrue
  163. 163Which of the following statements about glycolysis is true?Glycolysis breaks glucose down to two pyruvate molecules.
  164. 164Why is fermentation essential to humans?It is essential when we need a rapid burst of energy.
  165. 165A forest contains vegetation that is in constant battle with the many insect caterpillars that eat the vegetation. Which of the following strategies would not be a driving force in this evolutionary battle?The caterpillars are selected that eat the least leaf material.
  166. 166If A has a free energy of 38 units, and C has a free energy of 45 units, and the reaction is exergonic, based on the calculation of free energy, which is the substrate and which is the product?C is the substrate and A is the product.
  167. 167Occasionally someone claims to have built a machine that can run forever, producing as much energy as it consumes. This has always been disproved because it violatesthe second law of thermodynamics.
  168. 168Muscles undergo fermentation whenno oxygen is available.
  169. 169Which pathway in cellular respiration will produce ATP, NADH2, and carbon dioxide?citric acid cycle
  170. 170The metabolic pathways of photosynthesis and cellular respirationboth involve oxidation and reduction reactions.
  171. 171When a cell uses substantial energy to organize its cell contents to a greater degree than the organization that exists outside the living cell,entropy has decreased.
  172. 172What is a metabolic reaction called that involves one reaction releasing energy to provide energy for a second reaction that requires energy?a coupled reaction
  173. 173Enzymes maintain their same shape when they bind to a substrate. True or FalseFalse
  174. 174Which is true about energy of activation?Adding the correct enzyme can lower the energy of activation.
  175. 175While science cannot describe "thinking" in physical terms, we are certain that the process involves metabolism inside brain cells. With positron emission tomography (PET scan), it is possible to inject short-lived isotopes and image the regions of the brain that have the most active metabolism during various mental activities. However,the cellular energy expended in thinking must be less than the chemical bond energy supplied in food to these brain cells.
  176. 176Which statement most accurately describes the second law of thermodynamics?Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy.
  177. 177All of the energy that a plant stores in the bonds of glucose are available to an animal to power its muscles. True or FalseFalse
  178. 178Which energy association is correct?Kinetic energy is energy of motion.
  179. 179The citric acid cycle turns once for each original glucose molecule. True or FalseFalse
  180. 180Which of the following molecules is NOT an enzyme?lactose
  181. 181What are the correct outputs, during the citric acid cycle, from one molecule of glucose?6 NADH, 4 CO2, 2 ATP, 2 FADH2
  182. 182How efficient is the breakdown of one glucose via cellular respiration?39%
  183. 183The carriers of the electron transport chain are locatedon the cristae of the mitochondria.
  184. 184The number of ATPs produced directly as a result of one turn of the citric acid cycle is1
  185. 185Cellular respiration involves all of the following exceptbreathing in and out.
  186. 186Because the inside of a cell is more organized than the outside, the inside of the cell has increased entropy. True or FalseFalse
  187. 187Some desert organisms can live out their life without ever drinking liquid water. What phase(s) of cellular respiration could provide the organism with water?glycolysis and electron transport chain
  188. 188The function of an enzyme is toincrease the rate of a metabolic reaction.
  189. 189The term "metabolism" refers to all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell. True or FalseTrue
  190. 190Where does the preparatory reaction take place within the cell?mitochondrial matrix
  191. 191The removal of electrons and/or hydrogen atoms from a substrate is called what?oxidation
  192. 192Since enzymes are not used up during a reaction, they do not play any role in the reaction. True or FalseFalse
  193. 193If an enzymatic reaction was controlled by feedback inhibition, we would expect it to stopas soon as a critical level of end product builds up.
  194. 194Pyruvate contains less chemical energy than glucose. True or FalseTrue
  195. 195The amount of energy available to do work after a chemical reaction has occurred is calledfree energy.
  196. 196The ATP synthase complex is located in thecristae of the mitochondria.
  197. 197Why do organisms without oxygen need to convert pyruvate to lactate?in order to regenerate NAD+
  198. 198Fermentation is inefficient in using the energy found in food molecules and the resulting alcohol can be toxic to the organism producing it. Which of the following is not a reason why an organism would utilize fermentation?Fermentation is the preferred process, even when oxygen is available.
  199. 199Which of the following statements is NOT true?The citric acid cycle begins and ends with pyruvate.
  200. 200A piece of meat and a piece of fruit are fed to both a lizard and a person. The extent to which these foods are digested by digestive enzymes along these two gastrointestinal tracts varies. Which of the following is not a reason for the variation in digestion?the amount of protein in the meat and fruit

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still need 6-7, 23-24, 25-26
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