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Integumentary

Melanie Grynsztejn Englisch 145 Karten

Integumentary

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  1. 1What is the function of skin?Protect body from environment by acting as a barrier against:
    Microorganisms, UV, radiation, loss of body fluids, stress of mechanical forces. regulating body temperature, immune surveillance, activation of Vit D, protection & pleasure via touch & pressure receptors, Fosters communal organisms, protect against pathological bacteria
  2. 2What are the 2 major layers of skinEpidermis: superficial/outer layer
    Dermis: Deeper layer/"true skin"
  3. 3What is the subcutaneous layer of skin called and what does it contain?Hypodermis:
    Contains macrophages, fibroblasts, fat cells, nerves, fine muscles, blood cells, lymphatics, hair follicle roots
  4. 4What are keritinocytes and where are they located?Located in the epidermis. Same thing as scleroprotein. Protects from mechanical stress. Form the skin surface that you can see.
  5. 5What is the purpose of cornification/keratinization in the epidermis of the skin?Prevents dehydration of deeper skin layers. Prevents loss of body water
  6. 6What are the functional cells within the epidermis called?Langerhans cells
  7. 7What is the purpose of melanocytesLocated near base of epidermis. Synthesize & secrete melanin which is a hormone is response to UV light. Determines skin color.
  8. 8What causes vitilgo?Autoimmune disease. Loss of pigmentation results in patchy areas.
    *Usually sharply demarcated
  9. 9What is a Langerhans cell?KNOW THIS:
    Type of dendritic (immune cell) in epidermis
    Migrate to epidermis from bone marrow
  10. 10What is the purpose/function of a Langerhans cell?INITIATE IMMUNE RESPONSE BY PRESENTING PROCESSED ANTIGEN TO T CELL
    Provides defense against environmental antigens
  11. 11What are Merkel cellsAssociated with touch receptors
    Stimulated by damage to epidermis
  12. 12The dermis is a haphazard arrangement of what type of tissue?Connective tissue
    Collagen - skeletal part of the skin
    Elastin - stretchy part of the skin
    Reticulin - gel-like ground substance
  13. 13What does the dermis contain?hair follicles
    sebaceous glands
    sweat glands
    blood vessels
    lymphatic vessels
    nerves
  14. 14The fibroblasts, mast cells, and macrophages are functional cells in what layer of skin?Dermis:
    Fibroblasts - secrete connecive tissue matrix & collagen
    Mast cells - release histamine & play role in skin hypersensitivity reactions
    Macrophages - phagocytic, immune response, histiocytes
  15. 15What is the Subcutaneous Layer of skin and what does it contain?Third layer of skin (hypodermis)
    Contains fat cells (adipocytes)
    Large blood vessels
    SQ collagen continuous with dermal collagen
  16. 16The nail is composed of which 4 structural unitsHyponychium (nail bed)
    Nail plate
    Proximal nail fold
    Matrix (nail grows from it)
  17. 17What is integrated unit with a hair follicle?Sebaceous gland
    hair follicles ) sebaceous = integrated units
  18. 18How does growth in nails differ from growth of hair follicles?Nails grow continuously
    Hair grows in cycles
  19. 19Where on the body are most sebaceous glands located?Face, chest, back
    modified gland: eyelids lips, nipple, glans penis, prepuce
  20. 20What do sebaceous glands secrete and what is the purpose of the secretion?Secrete sebum (composed mostly of lipids)
    Holds in moisture, prevents drying
  21. 21What stimulates the growth of sebaceous glands?Androgens
    Early sign of puperty
  22. 22WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF ECCRINE GLANDS AND WHERE ARE THEY LOCATED?KNOW THIS:
    Purpose - secretion important for thermoregulation
    Cool body via evaporation
    Where - all over body but concentrated on palms, soles, foreheads
  23. 23WHAT IS THE PURPOSE AND DISTRIBUTION OF APOCRINE SWEAT GLANDS? WHERE ARE THEY LOCATED?Fewer in number than eccrine.
    Purpose - very limited proven function
    Located - folds of axillae, scalp, face, abdomen, genital area
  24. 24What facilitates body temp regulation?Arteriovenous anastomoses in dermis
    Sympathetic regulation, opening and closing arteriovenous anastomoses
  25. 25What contributes to aging skin and loss of integrityGenetics
    Cumulative environmental effects (UV radiation, inflammatory responses, tobacco smoke, gravity)
    Structural changes ( thinner, less eleastic, direr, wrinkles, pigmentation changes)
  26. 26WHAT CELLULAR ALTERATIONS CONTRIBUTE TO AGE ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN SKINDermoepidermal junction flattening = Shorter capillary loops
    Decreased Melanocytes = Decreased Protection from UV radiation
    Decreased Langerhans cells = Decreased Immune response
  27. 27WHAT CELLULAR ALTERATIONS TO AGE ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN SKIN? (con'd)Decrased dermal thickness = Translucent, paper-thin quality
    Loss of rete pegs = Smooth, shiny appearance
    Decreased Elastin fibers = wrinkling
    Decreased sensory production & perception
  28. 28What is the essential 3 step diagnostic process?1) gather history
    2) Perform a PE
    3) Observe appearance & distribution of lesion
  29. 29What is the Wood Lamp Examination?UV light skin fluorescence
  30. 30What is the KOH used for?For scabies & fungal exam
  31. 31What is the difference between primary & secondary lesions?Wiki:
    Secondary lesions are a modification of primary lesions.
  32. 32Telangiectasa, Macule, Patch Plaque, Wheal, Papule, Pustule, Vesicle & Bulla are what type of lesions?Primary lesions
  33. 33Scale, lichenification, Excoriation, Erosion, Ulcer, fissure, atrophy, scar, keloid are what type of lesions?Secondary lesions
  34. 34What must you make sure you are doing when assessing a lesion?Make sure you are palpating.
    Remember there is no normal lesion
    Need to see if it's superficial or deeper
  35. 35WHAT IS LICHENIFICATION?KNOW THIS:
    rough thickened epidermis due to rubbing/scratching
    Often involves flexor surfaces of the extremities
    MADE BY SCRATCHING
    ex. chronic dermatitis
  36. 36Describe telangiectasiaPrimary lesion:
    Fine, irregular lines of capillary dilation
    ex. rosacea, actinic damage
  37. 37MaculePrimary lesion:
    FLAT, circumscribed area of
    color change < 1 cm
    (freckle)
    ex. freckles, flat moles, petechiae
  38. 38PatchPrimary lesion:
    FLAT, nonpalpable, irregularly-shaped macule > 1 cm
    ex. vitilgo, cafe-au-lai spots
  39. 39PlaquePrimary lesion:
    ELEVATED, firm, rough lesion w/ flat top surface > 1cm
    ex. psoriasis, seborrheic keratoeses
  40. 40Wheal?Primary lesion:
    ELEVATED, irregular area of cutaneous edema
    Solid, transient, diameter varies
    ex. insect bites, urticaria
  41. 41PapulePrimary lesion:
    ELEVATED, firm, circumscribed area,
    <1 cm
    ex. warts, raised moles
  42. 42PustulePrimary lesions:
    Elevated, superficial lesions filled w/ purulent fluid
    ex. impetigo, acne
  43. 43VesiclePrimary lesion:
    ELEVATED, circumscribed, superficial, filled w/ serous fluid,
    <1 cm
    ex. chickenpox, HSV
  44. 44BullaPrimary lesion:
    vesicle > 1cm
    ex. blisters, pemphigus
  45. 45ScaleSecondary lesion:
    Heaped up, keratinized cells
    flaky, dry or oily
    Irregularly-shaped, thick or thin, vary in size
    ex. seborrheic dermatitis, dry skin
  46. 46ExcoriationSecondary lesion:
    Loss of epidermis
    Linear, hollowed-out, crusted area
    ex. abrasion, scabies
  47. 47ErosionSecondary lesion:
    loss of part of epidermis
    Depressed, moist, glistening area after vesicle/bulla rupture
    or chemical injury
    ex. chemical burn
  48. 48UlcerConcave loss of the epidermis and dermis, varies in size
    ex. pressure ulcer, stasis ulcer
  49. 49FissureSecondary Lesion
    Moist or dry linear crack/break from epidermis to dermis
    ex. athletes foot, keratoderma
  50. 50AtrophySecondary lesion:
    thinning of skin surface w/loss of skin markings
    ex. aging skin, striae
  51. 51ScarSecondary Lesion:
    Thin to thick fibrous tissue, occurs after injury
    ex. healed wound, healed surgery site
  52. 52KeloidSecondary Lesion:
    ELEVATED, irregularly shaped, enlarging scar
    Grows beyond wound boundaries
    Cause: excessive collagen formation during healing
    ex. ear piercings, surgery sites, tattoos
  53. 53Difference between purpura or petechiae?Petechiae does not blanch
    Purpura - non-tender
    Petechiae - circumscribed are of blood <0.5 cm
    Purpura circumcised are of blood > 0.5 cm
  54. 54BurrowNarrow, raised, irregular parasitic channel in skin
  55. 55ComedonePlug of sebaceous/keratinaceous material lodged in hair follicle opening
    Open: black head
    Closed: white head
  56. 56What causes pressure ulcers?Ischemic ulcers:
    Shearing force
    friction
    Moisture
    UNRELIEVED PRESSURE IS MOST SIGNIFICANT CAUSE
  57. 57What is a decubitus ulcer?ulcer/pressure sore from when individual lies/sits in one position for extended period of time
  58. 58WHAT IS THE TWO KEY FEATURES OF A A STAGE I PRESSURE ULCER?KNOW THIS:
    Non-blanchable erythema
    of intact skin
  59. 59Name 4 stages of pressure ulcer grading/staging?I. NON-BLANCABLE ERYTHEMA OF INTACT SKIN
    II. Partial-thickness skin loss
    III. Full-thickness skin loss
    IV. Full-thickness tissue loss
  60. 60Characteristics of Stage I pressure ulcer: Where is it usually located? What does it look like?NON-BLANCHABLE ERYTHEMA WITH INTACT SKIN
    Usually over bony prominence
    Darkly pigmented skin may not have ANY VISIBLE BLANCHING
  61. 61What are the characteristics of Stage II pressure ulcer? What layer(s) of skin are involved?Partial-thickness skin loss:
    erosion or blistering
    involving epidermis or dermis
    Presents as shallow open ulcer w/
    pink-red wound bed
    No slough
  62. 62What are the characteristics of Stage III pressure ulcer? What layer(s) of skin are involved?Damage or necrosis to SQ tissue
    May extend to (but not through) underlying fascia
  63. 63What are characteristics of Stage IV ulcer? What layer(s) of skin are involved?Exposure of muscle, bone, support structures (tendons, joint capsules)
    Can include undermining, tunneling
  64. 64Describe unstageable ulcer?Full thickness tissue loss w/ wound bed base obscured by slough and/or eschar
  65. 65What is a suspected deep tissue injury?localized area of purple/maroon discolored intact skin or blood-filled blister
    Cause- underlying soft tissue damage d/t pressure or shear
    Can be blister, erosion, non-blanchable red/dark skin
    Reddish blue with deeper tissue damage
  66. 66What are the risk areas and at risk people for pressure ulcers?Bony prominences: sacrum, heels, ischia, greater trochanters, behind ears, nasal bridge, forehead)
    Recumbent, debilitated, sedated
  67. 67What is pruritis and why is important?Acute or chronic itching
    As aspect of eczema, psoriasis, infestations
    DO NOT DISMISS CHRONIC ITCHING
    can be manifestation of systemic disease: renal, liver, thyroid, neuropathy, malignancy
  68. 68What is a another term for skin thi thickening?LICHENIFICATION
    can lead to scarring
    Increase risk of infection
  69. 69What pathophysiology causes itching?Likely carried by unmyelinated C nerve fibers
    Note: a neuropathic itch is an itch without stimuli
  70. 70What did she equate inflammatory disorders to?THINK FIRE
  71. 71WHAT IS ECZEMA OR "DERMATITIS"?General term to describe inflammatory response in skin
  72. 72WHAT IS ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS?Common form of T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity
    Delayed Type IV reaction
    Genetic predisposition
  73. 73WHAT ARE SENSITIZING AGENTS FOR ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS?KNOW THIS:
    Formed by allergens (chemicals, drugs, latex)
    Allergin binds to carrier protein forms Hapten-specific sensitizing antigen
    Langerhans cell process antigen & present to Tcell
  74. 74In allergic contact dermatitis what happens when the Langerhans cells process the antigen?LC present it to T cells
    T cells become sensitized to antigen
    Release cytokines & chemokines
    Induction of leukocyte infiltration & inflammation
  75. 75WHAT IS THE CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF ECZEMA OR "DERMATITIS"?Acute, subacute, chronic phases
    Lesion with INDISTINCT BORDERS
    Erythema, papules or scales
    Pruritis
    Epidermal changes from scratching
    Location related to underlying cause
  76. 76WHAT IS THE CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS?KNOW THIS:
    Several hours before immunologic response
    ERYTHEMA & SWELLING w/ PRURITIC VESICULAR LESIONS
    Pattern of distribution provides clue to allergen source
  77. 77In irritant contact dermatitis, what is the inflammation related to?Concentration of irritant
    Exposure time
    Disruption of barrier
    Age
  78. 78What is atopic dermatitis?Allergic dermatitis (A = allergy)
    Usually childhood but can be lifelong
  79. 79What causes stasis dermatitis?Pooling of venous blood (venous stasis)
  80. 80What are clinical manifestations of stasis dermatitis?Worse on leg than the other
    Worse on front than back
    Staining from RBC in skin
    Swelling evolves to redness, itching
    Elevation & compression
    Chronic condition
    Crackly, dry, shiny, likes pretibial area
  81. 81What is seborrheic dermatitis?AKA cradle cap
    chronic skin inflammation
    From yeast already on body
    Nasal labial folds, brow, scalp
    More common as you age
    NO CURE
  82. 82WHAT ARE THE CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS?KNOW THIS:
    greasy, scaly, white-yellowish inflammatory PLAQUES
    Scalp, eyebrow, eyelids, ear canals, nasolabial folds, axillae, chest, back
    Mid+ pruritis
    Periods of exacerbation/remission
  83. 83WHAT IS PSORIASISChronic, relapsing, proliferative inflammatory d/o
    Exacerbations/remission
    May involve skin, scalp, nails, JOINTS
    Any age
  84. 84WHAT ARE THE CELLS INVOLVED IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PSORIASIS?KNOW THIS:
    Th cell-mediated autoimmune dz
    Derived from activated T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, CYTOKINES
    HLA-Cw6 gene
  85. 85WHAT IS THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PSORIASIS?KNOW THIS:
    KERATINOCYTE HYPERPROLIFERATION
    "Making too much skin"
    Impaired ability of skin, skin thinks there is a wound there, so it makes a scab & then puts extra healthy skin on top of scab
  86. 86WHAT HAPPENS TO EPIDERMAL SHEDDING TURNOVER TIME WITH PSORIASIS?KNOW THIS:
    DECREASES
    TO 3 TO 4 DAYS
    (Normal is 26 to 30 days)
    rapid cellular proliferation means no time for cell maturation & keratinization
    Keratin forced through makes skin peel off
  87. 87Why is psoriasis particularly concerning?It's a risk for co-morbidities!
    Cardiovascular
    artherosclerosis
    IBS
    Metabolic syndrome
    (vessels can become inflamed too)
  88. 88WHAT IS THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF PLAQUE PSORIASIS?KNOW THIS:
    Well-demarcated, thick, silvery, erythematous plaque(s) surrounded by normal skin
    (scalp, elbows, knees, sites of trauma)
  89. 89What is inverse psoriasis?it's at the folds
    Still SHARPLY DEMARCATED
    Need to distinguish it between yeast
  90. 90Guttate psoriasis?Usually kids
    Think guttate = drops
    Usually after strep infection
    Usually self resovles
  91. 91What is erythrodermic (exfoliative) psoriasis?Most serious
    Widespread, red, scaling lesions
    fever chills
    Pain itching
    Hard to maintain body temp
    Can be caused by steroids
  92. 92What is psoriatic arthritis?Involves joins in hands, feet, knees, ankles
    JOINT STIFFNESS IN MORNING IS NOT NORMAL - RED FLAG
  93. 93What is pityriasis roseaBenign self-limiting inflammatory d/o
    Most often in young adults
    Seasonal peaks in spring & fall
    May be associated with herpes cluster
    Bigger deal if PREGNANT
  94. 94WHAT IS THE CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF PITYRIASIS ROSEA?KNOW THIS:
    Begins with solitary lesion or HERALD PATCH (circular, demarcated, salmon-pink, 3-4 cm, usually on trunk)
    2nd lesions develop in 14-21 days (extend over trunk, upper extremities)
    Oval shaped
    "Christmas tree pattern"
  95. 95WHAT IS HERALD PATCH?KNOW THIS:
    Pityriasis rosea
    First solitary lesion
    Circular, demarcated
    salmon-pink
    3-4 cm
    usually on trunk
  96. 96WHAT IS ACNE ROSACEA?KNOW THIS:
    Chronic readily-exacerbated INFLAMMATORY skin dz
  97. 97What is thought to be the cause of acne rosacea?KNOW:
    Immune-mediated inflammation may be a factor (cause really unknown)
    (may be associated with mite)
  98. 98What is the clinical presentation of Acne Rosacea?KNOW:
    Chronic inappropriate VASODILATION W/ FLUSHING & skin sensitivity
    Develops in middle age adults
  99. 99Where do lesions usually occur in acne rosacea?LESIONS OCCUR IN THE MIDDLE THIRD OF FACE: FOREHEAD, NOSE, CHECKS, CHIN +
    INFLAMMATION OF BLOOD VESSELS & PILOSEBACEOUS GLANDS
    (usually pustules)
  100. 100What should you educate a lupus patient on?Not on study guide:
    religious sun protection d/d UV initiates exacerbation of lesions
  101. 101What is paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome?Most severe form of pemphigus (vesicubullous disorder)
    Involvement of internal organs
  102. 102What are the three types of skin infections?Bacterial
    Viral
    Fungal
  103. 103What is folliculitis?Bacterial, viral or fungal infection of hair follicles
    Clinical presentation:
    pustules w/ surrounding erythema, scalp, extremities
  104. 104What is a furuncle?AKA "boil"
    inflammation of hair follicles, through follicular wall into surrounding dermis
    Clinical presentation:
    any skin area w/ hair lesion, deep red, painful
  105. 105What is carbuncle?A collection of infected hair follicles (like a really bad foruncle)
    Involves SQ tissue and lower dermis
    Abscesses may develop
  106. 106What is cellulitis?Infection of dermis and SQ tissue
    Usually staph, MRSA
    Risk factors: DM, edema, PVD
    Can extend into lymph & blood
  107. 107What is herpes simples virus (HSV)?viral skin infection of HSV
    HSV-1 usually oral & eye infections
    HSV-2 usually genital infections
    Rash/clusters of inflamed painful vesicles
  108. 108WHAT IS HERPES ZOSTER & HERPES VARICELLA?KNOW:
    viral infections of skin caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
    VZV is primary infection (chickenpox)
    Years later, virus reactivation causes herpes zoster (shingles)
  109. 109WHAT ARE THE CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS OF VZV (HERPES ZOSTER)?KNOW:
    immunosuppressed state
    Initially pain/paresthesia localized to infected dermatome
    NEXT, UNILATERAL VESICULAR ERUPTION ALONG DERMATOME
    Lesions may scatter o/s dermatome, rarely cross midline
  110. 110WHAT ARE VERRUCAE AND WHAT CAUSES THEM?KNOW:
    Warts
    Benign lesions caused by HPV
    HPV infects stratum epithelium of skin & mm's (?)
    Common in fingers of children
  111. 111WHAT IS TINEA?KNOW:
    FUNGAL superficial infection of skin caused by dermatophytes
    Funi eat keratin present in stratum corneum, hair & nails
  112. 112What is the clinical presentation of warts?May occur anywhere in body
    Common on fingers of children
    Lesions are round, elevated rough/grayish surface
    Vary in size, shape, location
  113. 113WHAT IS CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF TINEA?KNOW:
    Classified according to body location
    Tinea corporis (ringworm) = body, more in children
    (also in nails - tinea ungium & feet - tinea pedis)
  114. 114HOW DO YOU DIAGNOSE TINEA?KNOW:
    KOH scrapings w/microscopy
    Visualization of fungal hyphae (filaments & spores)
    (can also use Wood lamp exam)
  115. 115WHAT IS CANDIDIASIS?KNOW:
    Fungal infection cause be yeastlike fungus Candida albicans
    Normally found mm's, skin, GI & vagina
  116. 116WHAT IS THE CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF CANDIDIASIS?KNOW:
    AFFECTS ONLY OUTER LAYER OF MM'S & SKIN
    MOUTH, vagina, uncircumcised penis, nail folds, large skinfolds
    Initial lesion is pustule, whitish-yellow curdlike substance accumulateds over area
  117. 117WHAT IS URTICARIA?AKA: hives, most commonly assoc w/ Type ! hypersensitivity reaction
  118. 118WHAT MEDIATES URTICARIA?KNOW:
    Usually mediated by IgE (IgG too)
    IgE stimulated release histamine, bradykinin, kallikrein, acetylcholine from MAST CELLS
    (causes endothelial cells of skin blood vessels to contract)
  119. 119What is the clinical presentation of urticaria?Pruiritic, circumscribed area of raised erythema w/central pallor
    Blanches with pressure
    Hive
  120. 120WHAT IS SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS?KNOW:
    BENIGN proliferation of cutaneous BASAL CELLS
  121. 121WHAT IS THE CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS?KNOW:
    Smooth or warty elevated lesions
    Color varies from tan to waxy yellow, flesh colored, brown, black, brown
    Multiple lesions may be present on chest, back & face (all over)
  122. 122WHAT IS ACTINIC KERATOSIS?KNOW:
    A PREMALIGNANT LESION
    CONSIDERED AN EARLY IN SITU SCC
    Continue monitoring: HIGH RISK FOR SKIN CANCER, ESPECIALLY SCC
    (felt more than seen)
  123. 123What is basal cell carcinoma?surface epithelial tumor
  124. 124WHAT IS THE CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF BASAL CELL CARCINOMA?KNOW:
    LESIONS USUALLY HAVE DEPRESSED CENTERS, ROLLED BORDERS
    USUALLY FACE/NECK
    metastasis extremely rare (no blood or lymph node invasion)
  125. 125The incidence of melanoma on the rise? (T/F)True
  126. 126WHAT IS ONYCHOMYCOSIS?KNOW:
    Fungal or dermatophyte infection of NAIL PLATE
    (may require culture & microscopy)
  127. 127WHAT IS THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF ONYCHOMYCOSIS?Nail plate turns yellow or white, becomes elevated
    Infection develops from dorsal surface
    Hyperkeratotic debris develops & accumulate w/ nail plate
    WHAT IS THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF ONYCHOMYCOSIS?
  128. 128WHAT IS DIAPER DERMATITIS?KNOW:
    FORM OF CONTACT IRRITANT DERMATITIS
    PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO IRRITATION BY URINE/FECES
    maceration by wet diaper
    can also be candida albicans
  129. 129What is clinical manifestation of dermatitis (diaper?mild erythematous papules
    When secondary Candida present:
    VERY erythematous patches w/sharp margins
    What is clinical manifestation of dermatitis (diaper?
  130. 130What is impetigo contagiosum?Common BACTERIAL infection in infants, children
    Increase incidence hot/humid climates
    poor sanitary conditions, crowded living conditions, daycare facilitiesIP
  131. 131WHAT IS THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSUM?KNOW:
    YELLOW CRUST IS HALLMARK
    usually on face, near nose & mouth
    WHAT IS THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSUM?
  132. 132What is ringwormAKA: mycoses
    Caused by DERMATOPHYTES
    Fungi that eat keratin
    EPIDERMOPHYTON most common in kids
    invade stratum corneum
  133. 133WHAT IS THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF TINEA CAPITIS?Varies by organism
    Circular lesion, broken hairs, alopecia
    Slight erythema with scaly inflammed borders
  134. 134HOW DO YOU DIAGNOSE TINEA CAPITUS?KNOW:
    POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE (KOH) EXAMINATIon
    fungal culture
    HOW DO YOU DIAGNOSE TINEA CAPITUS?
  135. 135WHAT IS TINEA CORPORIS?KNOW:
    fungal infection of body, AKA ringwork
    WHAT IS TINEA CORPORIS?
  136. 136WHAT ORGANISM CAUSES THRUSH?KNOW:
    CANDIDA ALBICANS IN ORAL AND MUCUSOL MEMBRANES
    WHAT ORGANISM CAUSES THRUSH?
  137. 137What is the clinical presentation of of thrush?White plaques in mouth resulting in shallow ulcers
    White dense covering of tongue
  138. 138WHAT IS MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM?KNOW:
    COMMON, HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS POX VIRUS INFECTION
    school-aged kids, sexually active young adults
    WHAT IS MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM?
  139. 139What is the clinical presentation of Molluscum Contagiosum?Discrete, umbilicated, dome shaped papules anywhere on skin
  140. 140WHO CONTRACTS HERPES ZOSTER & chickenpox?KNOW:
    HERPES ZOSTER (SHINGLES) OCCURS IN PARTIALLY IMMUNE PATIENTS WITH PREVIOUS EXPOSURE TO VZV (including exposure by vaccine)
    Varicella (chickenpox) in VZV naive patients
  141. 141What is clinical presentation of chickenpox/ varicella?1st itching/vesicles on trunk/scalp/face
    Macules, papules, vesicles
    Superficial vesicles easily rupture
    Fever
  142. 142WHAT CAUSES SCABIES?KNOW:
    COMMON, CONTAGIOUS DZ CAUSED BY ITCH MITE SARCOPTES SCABIEI
    colonize in human epidermis
    transmission by direct contact & formites
  143. 143What are the clinical manifestations of scabies?3-5 weeks post infestation
    Female burrow tunnels into stratum corneum, deposit eggs,
    Burrows, papules, vesicle lesions,
    excoriations from scratching
    What are the clinical manifestations of scabies?
  144. 144Stevens-Johnson SyndromeNot in study guide or green
    Rare, severe, immune drug reaction
    Widespread epidermal apoptosis & detachment
    Prodrome of malaise
    Erythema/tenderness trunk, face, palms
    Blister/bullae formation
    Shedding of necrotic epidermis
  145. 145—

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Integumentary Flashcards
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Melanie Grynsztejn
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