Karteikarten

Chest Xrays

Anna Hogarth Cardiorespiratory Englisch 28 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (28)

1—1) Trachea
2) Carina
3) Lung apex
4) Right hemidiaphragm
5) Left hemidiaphragm
6) Posterior rib
7) Anterior rib
8) Aortic knuckle/notch
9) Heart
10) Apex of heart
11) Cardiophrenic angle
12) Cardiophrenic recess
13) Right atrium
14) Clavicle
15) Right hilum
2What five things can an chest radiograph be used to diagnose?1) Infection
2) Fluid overload
3) Fracture
4) Foreign object (inhaled - usually in children)
5) Misplaced object
3How many days of background radiation is chest X-ray worth?3
4How is the quality of an x-ray assessed?R - rotation
I - Inspiration
P- projection
E- Exposure
5How is rotation assessed?By checking whether the clavicles and spiny processes are equidistant
6—
7What are the two problems with a rotated film?1) Distorts heart size
2) Trachea looks displaced
8How can you tell if inspiration has been sufficient?Should be able to see the entire thoracic cavity with 5-7 anterior ribs at the midclavicular line
9—
10How do you tell if a film is PA or AP?1) Position of the scapula (should always be retracted by asking patient to cross arms)
2) Cardiothoracic ratio should be less than 50%
3) Should say on the film..
11In which position is the heart enlarged?AP
12—AP position
13When would you take an AP radiograph? What structure will be in the lung field? What can't you comment on?1) If the patient is too ill to stand
2) Scapula
3) The heart size
14How can you tell if a film is over or under exposed?By looking at the cardiophrenic angle to the vertebral column.
15UnderexposedOverexposed
16What are the five parts of CXR interpretation?A - Airway
B - Breathing
C - Circulation
D - Diaphragm
E - Everything else
17What components of the airway are being examined in an airway?1) Trachea
2) Carina
3) Main bronchi
18—
19Describe what you can see here. What two things may be causing this?1) Trachea is being pushed
2) Tension pneumothorax, masses
20What can be seen here? What might cause this? (4)1) Trachea is being pulled
Collapse, loss of lung volume, consolidation (build up of fluid), fibrosis. Anything that causes an increase in negative pressure can cause mediastinal structures to be pulled over, damaging them.
21When looking at breathing what are the divisions called?Upper, middles and lower zones (along with hilar regions). Can't tell from a chest x-ray exactly what you are looking at.
22How can you tell that the lungs are filling the pleural cavity?Lung markings should reach the chest wall.
23What are the three areas of focus when examining circulation from a chest radiograph?1) Midline structures (inferior mediastinum) - aortic knuckle, widening of mediastinum
2) Heart contours (adjacent lung pathology)
3) Cardiothoracic ratio - greater than 50% is abnormal, an enlarged heart be a sign of lung disease.
24—Note that the aortic knuckle should be 2-3cm in diameter
25DescribeThe black markings are sternotomy wires. Note the enlarged knuckle and mediastinum - patient had a cardiothoracic aneurysm.
26Describe.The cardiothoracic ratio is greater than 50% - cardiomegaly.
27—Note the costophrenic and cardiophrenic angles. The right hemidiaphragm should be higher. You can usually see a gastric bubble on the LHS. In pathological conditions liquid may gather in the recesses.
28What pathologies can you look for in the diaphragm?1) Flattened hemidiaphragms (common in COPD)
2) Blunted angles
3) Gastric bubbles