Karteikarten
mock terms
Karten in diesem Stapel (97)
- 1sonata formexposition
development
recapitulation - 2homophonicone melody with the accompaniments moving rhythmically together
- 3ternary formABA
- 4contrapuntalthe use of multiple independent melodies given equal weight
- 5terraced dynamicschanging the volume abruptly from soft to loud and back without the use of crescendos or diminuendos
- 6da capoback to the beginning
- 7tuttiall together
- 8cadenzaa solo passage played in a free rhythmic style
- 9polyphonictwo or more simultaneous lines of independent melody
- 10binary formAABB
- 11auxiliary notenon-harmony note that moves by step from and back to a harmony note
- 12conjunctmelodic writing that mainly moves in steps
- 13concertoand orchestral piece with a role for a soloist
- 14cucumberwait a second... you can't fool me, cucumbers have nothing to do with music!
- 15augmentationthe lengthening of a note or interval
- 16basso continuoan accompanying part often playing the ground bass
- 17diatoniconly involving the notes of a standard scale
- 18melismamultiple notes sung in one syllable
- 19tessiturathe vocal range a singer or a part in a musical composition
- 20oratorioa large musical composition for orchestra, choir, and soloists
- 21sequencea melodic passage repeated at a different pitch
- 22cadential 6 4Chord Progression is a series of triads (chords) that are played to serve a purpose in the music
- 23false relationwhen a note is played at the same time or close to a chromatically altered version of the same note producing a harmonic clash
(e.g. F♭ and F♮ together) - 24obbligatoa musical line that is important in the performance and should not be omitted
(opposite to ad libitum) - 25acciaccatura and appoggiaturaa grace note played as quickly as possible before the next note of the melody
a grace note which delays the next note of the melody - 26Schwammerllittle mushroom
(Schubert's nickname) - 27modesIonian, Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian, Locrian
- 28AnacrusisTechnical term for an upbeat.
- 29Cantus firmusPre-existing melody around which a contrapuntal texture is built.
- 30Canon2 or more parts copying each other exactly (starting 1 after the other).
- 31ContinuoBaroque bass part consisting of a keyboard instrument and bass line.
- 32CountersubjectMelodic phrase in a fugal passage played by the 1st voice when the 2nd voice is playing the fugal answer.
- 33Figured bassNumbers under the bass line indicating the chords/harmonies. Each number relates to the distance between the bass note and a harmony note e.g. 5/3 is a root position chord.
- 34FugalContrapuntal texture sharing some of the characteristics of a full fugue but not all.
- 35Fugal answer2nd ‘response’ section in a fugal passage; it is the same material as the fugal subject but now presented in the dominant key or in the case of a tonal answer slightly modified to fit in the original key but starting on a different note. It is played by the 2nd voice while the 1st voice having started with the subject now plays the countersubject.
- 36Fugal subjectTheme that starts a fugue or fugal passage in a piece; it is the material that forms the basis for the melody throughout the section.
- 37Functional harmonyHarmony that establishes a clear sense of key usually through use of cadences and chord progressions where the chords can be seen in terms of a specific key (e.g. tonic and dominant).
- 38Harmonically chargedA melody line in which the chords are implied as the notes of the melody outline most if not all of the chord.
- 39HeterophonyA texture in which 2 or more versions of the same melody are played at the same time.
- 40ImitativeTexture in which one part copies another but not in an exact manner.
- 41Melody dominated homophonyA type of homophonic texture in which 1 part (usually the highest) has the melody and other parts work together to create an accompaniment.
- 42Passing noteA note that is not part of the harmony but which is inserted stepwise between 2 harmony notes to add decoration to a melody.
- 43Secondary 7thA 7th chord of a note other than the dominant.
- 44SuspensionA brief dissonance created when a note is held over (‘suspended’) from 1 chord to another creating a momentary clash with the next chord. It is resolved by step downwards to the ‘correct' note of the new chord.
- 45Transitory modulationA brief modulation; the new key is established but not maintained for long.
- 46AriaSolo song in an opera or oratorio accompanied by orchestra.
- 47LibrettoThe lyrics of an opera.
- 48Neapolitan 6thChromatic chord consisting of a 1st inversion chord on the flattened supertonic (2nd degree) of a scale.
- 49RecitativeA rhythmically free vocal style in which the rhythms of natural speech are reflected and there is no sense of structure or strong melody.
- 50SingspielA form of popular opera that combines arias ensembles choruses and spoken dialogue written in the vernacular (German). It was a considered a middle-class rather than an aristocratic entertainment.
- 51Sotto voceA direction to sing quietly in an undertone.
- 52TriadicDescription of a melody that mostly uses the notes of a given triad.
- 53TurnOrnament consisting of 4 notes that are performed around the main note starting with the note above then the main note the note below and finally the main note again. Sign is .
- 54VernacularThe language of the audience for a musical work (e.g. German when composing in Germany or English for an English composer).
- 55AnimandoTempo marking to increase speed.
- 56LontanoAn instruction to sing/play as if from a distance.
- 57ModalityMusic written using the Renaissance church modes.
- 58NaturalVaughan Williams uses this instruction to tell players to stop playing sul ponticello.
- 59Pastoral styleA genre of literature art and music that depicts such life in an idealized manner typically for urban audiences.
- 60Una cordaInstruction to a pianist to use the left hand pedal (it makes the hammers move to the left so that they strike only one of the three strings of each note).
- 61TremoloReiteration of either a single note or of a pair of notes particularly used on bowed string instruments by rapidly moving the bow back and forth.
- 62Triple stoppingStringed instruments playing three notes at once.
- 63Concerto GrossoA group of solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra.
- 64Circle of FifthsA chord progression where the root of each chord is a 5th lower (or a 4th higher) than its predecessor (e.g. in C major with chords of C F Bdim Em Am Dm G C). In practice segments of the circle of 5ths (rather than complete circles) are often used.
- 65PedalA note (usually in the bass and generally either the tonic or dominant of the key) which is sustained or repeated while chords change often resulting in dissonance .
- 66Real AnswerWhen the answer is an exact copy of the subject to the new key with identical intervals to the first statement it is classified as a real answer.
- 67Remote keyA modulation to an unrelated key e.g. the Submediant.
- 68SicilianoThe Siciliano is a musical genre often included as a movement within larger pieces from the Baroque period. It is in a compound metre with lilting rhythm making it resemble a slow jig.
- 69Tasto SoloContinuo player does not play chords.
- 70Tonal AnswerIf the intervals of the answer to the fugal subject are altered to maintain the key it is a tonal answer.
- 71BridgeTransition section leading from one theme to another.
- 72CodaA concluding section
- 73CodettaA small coda which is usually found in the concluding bars of the Exposition in Sonata form.
- 74DevelopmentThe central section of a movement in sonata form where material from the exposition is transformed. The music usually includes several modulations.
- 75DiscursiveRegular question and answer texture between parts
- 76ExpositionThe first section in sonata form where the musical material is ‘exposed’ i.e. presented for the first time. The first subject is in the tonic key. The second subject is in a different key and has a different character.
- 77ImitativeTexture in which one part copies another but not in an exact manner.
- 78Plagal CadenceTwo chords ending a musical phrase. The two chords for a Plagal cadence are IV - I. The Plagal cadence is often used in sacred music. Interestingly Schumann ends the first movement of her Piano Trio with a Plagal cadence.
- 79RecapitulationThe section in sonata form that follows the development. The musical material from the exposition but usually all now in the tonic key.
- 80VerbatimAn exact repeat. e.g. the first subject in the recapitulation is a verbatim repeat of the first subject in the exposition.
- 81Baguettes de boisWooden sticks
- 82Baguettes de d’épongeSponge/soft sticks
- 83Canto expressivoExpressive singing
- 84Con sordino / senza sordinoWith / without mute
- 85Cornet à pistonsAn early manifestation of the cornet
- 86Cross rhythmTwo or more conflicting rhythms heard simultaneously
- 87Double cordeDouble stopped
- 88GesamtkunstwerkTotal work of art (total synthesis) championed by Wagner
- 89Idée fixeA recurring theme that serves as the structural foundation (not always main theme)
- 90MotifA dominant or recurring idea
- 91Moto perpetuoPerpetual motion (continuous stream of notes)
- 92OphicleidesKeyed brass instrumented similar to the Tuba
- 93PortatoSmooth pulsating articulation
- 94Programme MusicMusic that is intended to evoke images or convey events
- 95Punta d’arcoWith the point of the bow
- 96RecapitulationThird part of sonata form where ideas from exposition are repeated both in the tonic key
- 97ReligiosamenteReligiously
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- A-level Music Karteikarten am mock terms, erstellt von Emily Rowland-Rawson am 27/01/2018.
- Erstellt von
- Emily Rowland-Rawson
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