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Paper 3a Studies

Jordan Best Sociology A level Englisch 44 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (44)

  1. 1Wiseman (1998)'Globalisation' can be misused and misunderstood, and needs careful consideration when used in a sociological context
  2. 2Cochrane and Pain (2000)Define globalisation as the emergence of a global economic and cultural system which is incorporating the people of the world into a single global society
  3. 3McLuhanSays the world is becoming a global village, with globalisation and techological advancements bringing us closer together
    We are also more aware of other occurrences in the world
  4. 4Cohen and Kennedy (2000)Define globalisation as a series of transformations of the world, including changes in concept of time and space, increasing cultural interaction, and shared problems
  5. 5Giddens (2000)Defines globalisation as the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distinct localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring miles away
  6. 6Digital MediaCommunication of information through digital devices
  7. 7Digital RevolutionRefers to the advancement of technology from analogue devices to digital devices, which has been occurring since the 1980s
  8. 8Six Degrees, Facebook and Digital MusicSix Degrees: Introduced in 1997, and enabled users to upload photos and make friends with other users
    Facebook: Emerged in 2004, and now has 845 million active monthly users
    Digital Music: Outstripped physical sales for the first time in 2011
  9. 9Collins (2005)Examines how we construct our identities through social networking
    However, it is also important to note how our online and offline identities are different
  10. 10Case (2007)Social media updates leave an 'audit trail' which is hard to remove or edit, which can result in tension and conflict as well as issues of privacy
  11. 11Hart (2011)We create and recreate our identity through an online autobiography, e.g. Facebook
    Digital communication therefore allows us to investigate how identity is created
  12. 12Media ConvergenceRefers to how a range of different kinds of information can be combined and delivered in one format, e.g. videos and articles can be viewed on Facebook
    It is also used as an economic strategy, e.g. adverts based on eBay history
  13. 13Rupert MurdochControls over a fifth of UK news consumption
    This reflects false consciousness, as fewer people controlling the media causes people to be presented with a narrower diversity of views
  14. 14Merttens and D'Haenens (2010)81% of the working-class use the internet, compared to 94% of the middle-class, and the working-class tended to use it for entertainment rather than information
  15. 15Adorno (2002)Media creates a false need for consumer goods, fuelling capitalism and leaving us unfilfilled, alienated, and exploited
  16. 16Cornford and Robins (1999)Those who own and control digital communication are capitalists who want to make profit and ideologically control the masses
    Also, digital communication surveillance allows capitalism to control people subtly through suggesting they are being protected from threats
  17. 17Garside (2014)The typical adult spends over 8 hours a day consuming media, which distracts workers from the wider issues of capitalism
  18. 18Bates and Chemaly (2013)New forms of digital media are being used to empower women, e.g. campaigns against sexist pages and the portrayal of women in music videos
  19. 19Glott and Ghosh70% of Pinterest and Instagram users are female, and LinkedIn has more male users than female
  20. 20McGonigal (2012)The average 21-year-old man will have done 10,000 hours of gaming, which helps with boredom, anger, teamwork, and problem-solving
  21. 21Walters (2011)Women are sexualised in the media and gaming, leading to unrealistic expectations from young men
  22. 22Nakamura (2011)Digital communication offers women practical and emotional support, e.g. The Everyday Sexism Project
  23. 23Arlaccki (1997)Exploitation on a global scale is felt more by women who hold less power, e.g. through human trafficking
  24. 24Haraway (1991)Cyborgs allow women to transcend gender-bound identities, and distance themselves from male stereotypes
  25. 25Green and SingletonSay the smartphone has been essential in creating and maintaining feminine identities and friendships, linking to 'selfie culture'
    However, it only reinforces patriarchal ideology
  26. 26Youthnet75% of young people claim they could not live without the internet
  27. 27Boyle (2007)Each generation relies on digital media more than the last
    This has led to a digital generation divide between the old and young
  28. 28Carr (2010)Says our attention spans are failing and we now expect immediate gratification, e.g. from Google
    Youth are now unable to read in depth
  29. 29London School of Economic (2014)One third of daily users aged 9-19 have received unwanted comments online, though only 7% of parents were aware
  30. 30Palmer (1988)Parents use the media as an electronic babysitter, leading to children being susceptible to the adult world
  31. 31Berry (2011)37% of those above pension age do not have internet access, but this was due to lack of skills rather than financial constraints
  32. 32Locke and PascoeElectronic communication can be empowering, as people can speak more freely online and marginalised groups will be heard
  33. 33Holmes (2009)Most people who communicate on social media know each other face-to-face, so there is a positive approach to social interactions
  34. 34Bjorkland (2005)People enjoy recording their life events on Facebook, which helps create and reinforce their identities
  35. 35Turkle (2011)Writes that we have are becoming 'alone together', and that technology makes us three promises:
    1. We can always be heard
    2. We can always be where we want to be
    3. We never have to be alone
    This also impacts on a child's capacity to solitude, and they are not prepared for actually being alone
  36. 36Stoll (1995)Abuse and the anonymity of the Internet means social trust is eroded
  37. 37Boellstorff (2008)Created a Second Life avatar and followed other users, exploring issues such as gender and race for two years
    He said there is little regulation of online activities, and as a result Belgian police began patrolling Second Life
  38. 38Kraut et al. (1991)Online ties create weaker relationships than those formed online
  39. 39Miller (2016)Facebook helps maintain good relationships, especially when geographically distant
    However, it can also break up relationships and make promiscuous behaviour more public
  40. 40Zhao (2006)Activities than connect (such as emailing) create social ties, meaning they strengthen relationships
    However, other activities (such as surfing the web) have negative corrections to social ties
  41. 41Howard (2011)New religious groups have been created online which share the same ideology, but do not have a sole leader
  42. 42Radio Free Europe (2015)The Taliban once banned digital media such as the internet, though is now used to promote terrorist propaganda
  43. 43Weimann (2009)Websites run by terrorists have increased from a dozen to over 7,000 since 1998
    The internet is used as a cheap means of spreading terrorist ideology
  44. 44ICSR of King's CollegeIn most cases, radicalisation begins with contact with certain social groups before being introduced to online channels

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A level Sociology (Revision) Karteikarten am Paper 3a Studies, erstellt von Jordan Best am 04/02/2018.
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