Karteikarten
juvenile delinquency: chapter three
Karten in diesem Stapel (31)
- 1Choice theory*classical criminology
*cesare beccaria and Jeremy Bingham
*argues that people weigh and consider the consequences prior to commissions of their behavior
* holds that the decision to violate the law comes after a careful weighing of the benefits and rewards
*assumes that people have "Free will" to choose their behavior - 2Delinquent Motives:*economic need/ opportunity
*problem solving
*false expectations
*oppertunity - 3Routine activities theory*developed by Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson
*the view that crime is a normal function of the routine activities of modern living - 4Predatory CrimesInfluenced by:
*the availability of suitable targets
*absence of capable guardians
*the presence of motivated offenders - 5General deterrencecrime control policies that depend on fear of criminal penalties
- 6A guiding principle of deterrence is based on*severity
*certainty
*swiftness of punishment - 7Specific deterrenceIf young offenders are punished severely, they will mot repeat their illegal acts
- 8Problems with a strict deterrence strategy:*minors are not rational
*many juveniles are under the influence of drugs/alcohol
*most serious delinquents are not capable to comprehend their consequences
*experienced offenders don't fear getting arrested
*juveniles often commit crimes in groups "co offending"
*punishment can produce defiance rather than deterrence - 9Situational crime preventionRather than deterring potential offenders, it aims to reduce opportunities
- 10Delinquency can be controlled by:^ the risks
^ the effort to commit delinquent acts
^ the shame
- the rewards
- the provocation
Removing excuses - 11Trait theory*biosocial and psychological views
*César Lombrosso - 12Cesare Lombroso*trait theory
*father of criminology - 13Criminal atavismIdea that delinquents manifest physical anomalies that make them biologically and psychologically similar to our primitive ancestors
- 14Contemporary trait theoryTrait theories that argue that a combination of personal traits and environmental factors lead to behavior patterns
- 15Biosocial theories of delinquencyFocus on the association between biological makeup, environmental conditions, and antisocial behaviors
- 16Three areas of biosocial theories:*biochemical factors
*neurological function
*genetic history - 17ADHD*Condition in which a child shoes a developmentally inappropriate lack of attention, distractibility, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
*most at risk to become persistent offenders
*linked to anti-social behavior patterns - 18Genetic influences assume that:*antisocial behavior is inherited
*the genetic makeup of parent is passed onto child
*genetic abnormality is directly or indirectly linked to antisocial behaviors - 19Three approaches to test genetic association:* parental deviance
*twin studies
*adoption studies - 20Cambridge youth survey (parental deviance)* a significant amount of delinquents have criminal fathers (37%)
*school bullying is inter or intra generational - 21IntergenerationalSiblings of the same family are likely to be bullies if their parents were bullies
- 22Twin studies*60% of MZ identical twins share criminal behavior patterns
*30% of DZ twins share criminal behavior patterns - 23Adoption studies*adopters share many behavioral characteristics with their biological parents
- 24Personality and delinquencyThe stable patterns of behavior, including thoughts and emotions that distinguish one person from the other
- 25Hans Eysenck's 2 traits associated with antisocial behavior:* extroversion
*neuroticism - 26ExtraversionImpulsive individuals who lack the ability to examine their own motives
- 27NeuroticismIndividuals who are anxious and emotionally unstable
- 28Psychopathic personality ((sociopathic or antisocial personality))*characterized by egocentricity, deceitfulness, manipulation, selfishness, and lack of empathy or guilt
*frequently involved in deviant behaviors such as truancy, lying, and substance abuse - 29Intelligence and DelinquencyDelinquents are believed to ne substandard in intelligence and this inclined to commit more crimes
- 30Native TheoryIntelligence is inherited and is a function of genetic makeup
- 31Nature theoryIntelligence is determined by environmental situations and socialization
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- Karteikarten am juvenile delinquency: chapter three, erstellt von aquarose525 am 21/09/2014.
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