Flashcards
Juvenile delinquency: Chapter one
Cards in this deck (34)
- 1At risk youthYoung people who are extremely venerable t the negative consequences of school failure, substance abuse, and early sexuality
- 2University of Chicago StudyBy age 24, only 6% of previously fostered children have a college degree
- 3Inadequate Education70% of 4th graders are not reading at grade level
Adults 25+ yrs without a HS diploma earn 30% less money - 4cyberbullyingThe willful and repeated harm inflicted through the medium of electronic text
- 5Bullying can be:*verbal
*psychological
*physical
*social
*virtual - 6cyber stalkingThe use of the internet, email, or other electronic communication devices to stalk another person
- 7sextingSexually explicit texting/photos sent to boyfriends/girlfriends
- 8juvenile delinquencyCriminal behavior engaged in by minors
- 9Chronic juvenile offendersA serious social problem
*commit more than 2 crimes* - 10Paternalistic familyFather has complete control over the family
- 11Family structure changes*Extended family -> nuclear family
*more common for marriage to be based on love rather than parental agreement
*parent/children relationships improve - 12English Poor LawsIn 1535, the English passed poor laws that placed children as servants in homes of the affluent
- 13Elizabeth Poor LawsElizabeth poor laws of 1601 created a system of church wardens and overseers; these laws put vagrant, delinquent, and neglected children to work
- 14The Apprenticeship MovementChildren placed in the care of adults who trained them in specific skills
- 15Chancery CourtEstablished to protect property rights and seek equitable solutions to disputes and conflicts
- 16Chancery Court- Parents PatriaeThe power of the state to act on behalf of the child and provide care and protection equivalent to that of a parent
- 17The Child-Saving MovementThe focus was on extending government control over youthful activities
- 18Child-Saving OrganizationsInfluenced state legislators to enact laws giving courts the power to commit runaway children or criminal offenders to special institutions
- 19House of Refugee*NY 1825
*run like a prison- forced to be more lenient - 20Reform Schools*Racially and sexually segregated
*discipline was harsh
*physical care was poor - 21Children's Aid Society*1853
*rescued from harsh environments and provided temporary shelters - 22Orphan Trainstransported orphaned and homeless children from crowded Eastern cities of the United States to foster homes located largely in rural areas of the Midwest.
- 23Society fort the Prevention of Cruelty to Children*1875
* the first child protective agency in the world - 24The Illinois Juvenile Court Act*1899
*established the juvenile delinquency as a legal concept
*for the first time, the distinction was made between children who were neglected and those who were delinquent.
*established a court and a probation program specifically for children - 25Key Provisions of the Illinois Juvenile Court Act*separate courts for the neglected and the delinquent
*special procedures were developed to govern the adjudication of juvenile matters
*children were separated from adults in institutional programs
*probation programs were to be developed to assist the court in making decisions in the best interest of the state and of the child
*the roles of judges and the probation of staff was to diagnose the child's condition and prescribe programs to alleviate it - 26Key Downsides to the Illinois Juvenile Court Act*didn't provide juvenile offenders with the full array of constitutional protections
*attorneys were Not required
*hearsay was admissible
*Verdicts were based on PREPONDERANCE OF EVIDENCE - 27In the 1960's and 1970's, the US Supreme Court issues a series of due process rights for juveniles that included:*right to confront a witness
*notice of the charges
*the right to counsel - 28Delinquency (current)A minor who has been found to have violated the penal code
- 29"Minor Child" Age? *in most states*17
- 30Hardcore or chronic juvenile offendersCommit more than once or horrible crimes such as murder
- 31Status offenceConduct that is illegal ONLY because of the child is under age
- 32Other terms for 'status offender'*child I'm need of supervision
*unruly child
*incorrigible child
*minor in need of supervision - 33Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act*states are required to remove status offenders from secure detention and lock-UPS
*amended in 1987 to allow status offenders to be detained for violations of court orders
*serious offences my be waived to adult court - 34Curfews*to reduce the opportunity kids have of getting in trouble
*first was in 1880 in Omaha, Nebraska
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- Flashcards on Juvenile delinquency: Chapter one, created by aquarose525 on 21/09/2014.
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