Karteikarten
Basic Heart Structure
Karten in diesem Stapel (22)
- 1Where is the heart located in the body?In the mediastinum. Behind the sternum. 2/3 of the heart are to the left of the sternum. 1/3 to the right of the sternum.
- 2What are the three layers of the heart?The endocardium = the layer that the blood touches.
The myocardium = contains the muscle that leads to contraction.
The epicardium = the outer layer of the heart. (also called visceral pericardium).
Pericardium also contains a fibrous layer (superficial), and a serous pericardium - parietal layer. - 3What are the aortic and pulmonic valves also known as?Semilunar valves.
- 4Which atrium contains the tricuspid valve?The right atrium.
- 5What separates the two ventricles?The septum.
- 6Name the arteries on the left side of the heart?The left coronary arteries. The left anterior descending (LAD) branch. The circumflex branch. The anterior septal artery. The anterior and posterior ventricular branches.
- 7Name the arteries on the right side of the heart?The right coronary artery. The posterior inter-ventricular branch. The marginal artery. The atrioventricular nodal artery. The acute marginal artery. The posterior septal artery.
- 8Where do coronary veins drain to?The coronary sinus. The coronary sinus then drains directly into the right atrium.
- 9Name the 5 components of the cardiac conducting system.1. The impulse starts in the sinoatrial node.
2. The impulse travels around through BOTH atria.
3. The atrioventricular node delays the transmission of the impulse.
4. The AV node then transmits the signal through the fibrous skeleton to the inter-ventricular septum.
5. Bundle branches pass signal to apex
6. The Purkinje fibres then pass the impulse around the ventricles (with the contraction starting from the bottom and heading up). - 10What is an ECGAn electrocardiogram
- 11The electrical impulses generated by the cardiac conduction system spread throughout the whole body. True or False?True. The impulse spreads through the entire body via electrical synapses.
- 12What does the P wave represent on the ECG?It is the spread of the impulse through the atria. I.e., atrial depolarisation.
- 13What does the PR interval represent on the ECG?It represents the Atrioventricular Node delaying the impulse.
- 14What does the QRS section represent on the ECG?It represents the spread of the conducting impulse through the ventricles and the contraction of the muscles
- 15What does the T wave represent on the ECG?It indicates the repolarisation of the ventricles. (relaxation of the ventricles).
- 16What is a sinus rhythm?It is the normal conducting rhythm of the heart.
- 17What does the Lub-dub sound represent?It is the intra-cardiac pressure changes and valve closures that happen after 1 heart beat.
- 18Cardiac systole is?The contraction of the heart, specifically the ventricles. Atrial valves close, ventricles force blood to open semilunar valves. The blood is then forced into the pulmonic and aortic arch.
- 19Cardiac diastole is?The relaxation of the heart, specifically the ventricles. The atria contract, forcing the mitral and tricuspid valves open. Blood is then moved into the relaxed ventricles. Semilunar valves are closed.
- 20What happens when systole forces blood through the arteries?The ventricles contract and blood causes the semilunar valves open, causing blood to be forced into the arteries. The blood pressure causes elastic stretch of the arteries. This pressure is stored in the walls of the arteries.
- 21What happens when diastole forces blood through the arteries?The ventricles relax, and the semilunar valves shut. The elastic walls of the arteries force the blood forward as they bound back to their normal position. This stops back flow into the ventricles along with the semilunar valves closing.
- 22Name some heart complications related to ageing process.Decreased number of pacemaker cells (arrhythmia), decreased baroreceptor response (orthostatic hypotension). Decreased elasticity in artery walls (^^ PR thus ^^ BP).
Decreased sensitivity of beta adrenergic receptors.
Thickening and stiffness of heart valves (heart murmurs).
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- Masters Anatomy & Physiology Karteikarten am Basic Heart Structure, erstellt von Angus Cooper am 12/06/2018.
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- Angus Cooper
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