Karteikarten
PSY246: Semantic memory
Karten in diesem Stapel (10)
- 1What task did early studies on semantic memory organisation use? Is this an effective method?The sentence verification task. It's data has been important for establishing theories however, it is explained well by contrasting theories. Also not clear if it really measures structure or the process of semantic memory instead. Is word meaning equal to objects?
- 2What challenge did cognitive economy pose to the hierarchical model? What did Conrad propose instead?the theory assumed that information is stored non-redundantly at the most general level, however, this doesn't seem to save cognitive 'time or space'. Conrad suggested that RT data resulted because of the frequency of co-occurrence between concepts and property; strength of associated rather than levels
- 3contrary to the predictions of the hierarchical model, RT didn't always mirror hierarchical relationships or explain typicality effects. Also, false judgments were not faster for closer concepts. Which of these does the spreading activation model account for and why?Spreading activation model explains lack of hierarchical effect and typicality effect. Since it doesn't organise concepts hierarchically although each is still represented within a concept node. The links between nodes vary in associative strength, explaining the typicality effect.
- 4The feature comparison model assumes a concept is represented as distributed features in semantic space. How might the concept of chicken be represented? What would be it's defining vs characteristic features as a bird? According to this model, if you took away its beak would it still be a bird?Visual features: has feathers, two legs, a beak
Tactile: feathers are soft or stiff
Auditory: clucks ans squawks
Gustatory: tastes good fried or barbequed
defining/essential: wings, beak
characteristic/secondary: fly, builds nests
No - 5How does the feature comparison model explain sentence verification data?Using a 2 stage decision process. First all features of subject and predicate are compared to determine similarity. If the similarity is very high or low answer is decided. If intermediate then defining features are compared
- 6Patient JBR was a 23yr old electronics undergrad with intact language, normal IQ & verbal performance. He had impaired semantic memory. How selective was his impairment?He had a selective impairment for living things and a category specific impairment for musical instruments but preserved knowledge of most other non-living things.
- 7According to perceptual functional theory, category specific impairments reflect different types of properties which distinguish between category members. How does this explain why impairments with living things & instruments are more common?most categories of non-living things are distinguished from each other by function but living things tend to be distinguished by perceptual/visual characteristics, the same goes for instruments
- 8Why doesn't "Is a kangaroo native to Australia?" fit the perceptual functional theory? What is another problem for this theory?Because it isn't a functional or perceptual property but conceptual. Also, patients don't always show impairment of only one of those two types of knowledge
- 9Why, according to Distributed-plus-hub theory, might a patient with semantic dementia choose a green pumpkin?There are hubs for each concept as well as distributed modality specific information. Hence item specific and modality-independent deficits of semantic memory should be able to occur. So they might choose a green pumpkin because knowledge of more typical features is preserved but orange is specific to pumpkins
- 10Why do we have hubs and where are they stored?hubs are an efficient way of integrating our multi-modal knowledge of a concept. They also make it easier to detect the similarities between some concepts that might be very different according to some modalities (scallops and prawns). located in the anterior temporal lobes (ATL)
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- PSY246 Karteikarten am PSY246: Semantic memory, erstellt von Bridonie Nicholson am 12/06/2018.
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- Bridonie Nicholson
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