Karteikarten
Human rights
Karten in diesem Stapel (24)
- 1Human rightBasic rights and freedoms to which all human beings are entitled
- 2Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)1948
30 statements e.g. no one should be subjected to torture or cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment/punishment
Violations in many different parts of the world (ACs, EDCs + LIDCs) and at different scales - 3Impacts of globalisationTransnational intégration and increased mobility has enhanced ability of civil society to work across borders to promote human rights
Allowed some organisations to gain power and perpetrate violations - 4Geographical patterns of socio-economic inequality closely associated with inequalities in respect for human rightsMany development programmes + steps to achieve UN Millenium Development Goals human rights led
- 5HUMAN RIGHTS NORMSRepresent ways of living integrated into culture of a country/ area over a long period of time > foundation of human rights
UDHR from established customs and norms from all cultures + religions
Based on moral principals - 6Statements in UDHR accepted as international human rights normsHuman rights protected by international law
- 7International human rights lawSets out obligations of state governments
- 8Growing number human rights norms, laws + treatiesMost widely ratified = UN convention on the rights of the child (UNCRC)
- 9Still significant variation in deaths of young childrenHuman rights concern as country not doing what it can to prevent these deaths
- 10INTERVENTIONIncludes use of military force by state or group of states in a foreign territory in order to end gross violation if human rights of its citizens > humanitarian intervention
UN Security Council the only body that can legally authorise use of force - 11Military intervention controversialEffective in stopping violations - immediate benefits for local communities + contribute to longer term socio-economic development + political stability
Unintended negative impacts:
Injuries + deaths
Loss of homes + population displacement
Increase in human rights abuses
Wide I gotta existing socio-Economic inequalities - 12UN Security Council mandate so workers and troops can be drawn from a wider range of member statesUsually military presence to protect citizens from human rights abuse, non-use of force except self-defence
Human rights team works in area to protect + promote human rights
- monitor situation + attempt to empower populations to assert their rights
- enable governments to implement their human rights obligations + strengthen rule of law - 13UN co-ordinates input of wide range of agencies + organisations in area affectedRegional organisations
NGOs
Public-private partnerships - 14Regional organisationsNorth Atlantic Treaty Organsiation (NATO)
-promotes democratic values, enables members to consult + co-operate on defence
-peaceful resolution of disputes
-crisis-management operations
Organisation for Security and co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human rights - 15NGOsInternational Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
Oxfam - 16Public-private partnershipGavi Alliance (Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation)
- 17Non-military interventionEconomic sanctions
International criminal prosecution of individuals responsible for abuses
NGOs, private enterprises + human rights activists working with local communities + national governments - 18Global governance of human rightsComplex + multifaceted
Direct physical intervention as well as application of growing number of human rights norms, laws, treaties + conventions
> effective intervention depends on their interaction + co-ordination at all scales - 19GEOPOLITICSRefers to global balance of political power + international relations
- 20Pattern of political power closely related to economic power(Relative wealth + international trade strength of nations)
- 21Historically been a number of “geopolitical transitions”Geopolitical world order/ power has shifted
Most recent ending of Cold War
1946-1989 USA+USSR 2 dominant superpowers - 22Contemporary geopolitical power uneven spatial distributionUSA only superpower - dominant militarily + politically (China world’s leading trading nation)
Inequalities in power between individual states depending on wealth, political strength + development
Supranational political and economic organisations e.g. UN, EU, ASEAN + OPEC which exert greater geopolitical influence than their individual member states
Effects of globalisation - investment of MNCs - 23Geopolitics of intervention in human rights issues requires an understanding ofPolitical composition of groups of countries/ organisations
Nature of intervention
Reasons why intervention is necessary
Characteristic features of country, it’s government and the people affected
Possible political, social-economic and environmental consequences of intervention/ global governance
Complexity of human rights issues + their spatial patterns - 24NATOPolitical + military alliance - promotes democratic values, enables members to consult, peaceful resolution, military power for crisis management operations, collective defence, transatlantic link (Europe and North America)
International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), Afghanistan
Peak 130,000 troops from 51 different countries - aim to enable government to provide effective security
Hurricane Katrina 2005
US government urgently asked for food + supplies (1 month 189 tonnes of life-saving support) > successful in resolving HR issues (access to food, preventing deaths)
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- - Geography (Human rights) Karteikarten am Human rights, erstellt von Emily H am 03/12/2018.
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- Emily H
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