Karteikarten
Terrorism
Karten in diesem Stapel (18)
- 1Explain the 5 major ways of defining terrorLiberal - ideological political violence
Critical - targeting of symbolic locations and civilians
Realist - violence intended to provoke, polarise and exhaust
Schmid - Violence (83.5%), which is political (65%), that is intended to spread fear (51%) and is targeted against civilians (21%0
Haywood - know it when you see it - 2Why is terrorism potentially a useless termit is pejorative and used as an insult against groups who oppose the state who would identify themselves as freedom fighters
Is the KPD a terrorist group? PLO? Sinn Fein? - 33 main views on whether a definition is usefulan objective definition can prevent issues
a universal definition is impossible but we can use Schmidt as a basis
The term is objectively harmful as it sidelines outsiders and we should stop using it - 4What is new terrorismthe claim that terror has substantively changed I recent years In its goals, organisation and tactics
- 5Have the goals of terrrorists changedNot really
modern groups do have broad goals, however this is because they are umbrella organisations as a result of counter terror measures - 6Has the organisation of terror groups changedYes
Major groups operate on a lateral network system whereby there are not really any leaders and most members gain status posthumously
this is a result of counter terror methods which have made communication between networks almost impossible
this is nothing new however, the IRA used the same tacticsonce the British military began a concerted effort to limit their capacity - 7Have the tactics of terrorists changedYes
Attacks are more common, more fatal and more suicidal
in 1980 attacks killed 2 people on average, 2014 it is 3
in 1980 there were 2,500 incidents, 2014 saw 15,000
between 1975-95 there were 107, equivalent to 64 days in 2015 which saw 636 in a year
suicide attacks are the result of counter terror, arguably globalisation and media have lead to increased incidence, as well as huge instability in some regions - 8What are the three main ways of countering terrorismLegal, Military, political
- 9How does criminal justice counter terrorism (4)Stigmatises terror
Educates and rehabilitates
Allows for retribution
Incapcitates offenders - 10How is criminal justice ineffectiveRelies on state laws keeping pace with terror techniques
Reactionary and hard to prevent attacks
Questions arise over treatment - were the IRA political prisoners
If prisons are not controlled it can increase radicalisation - 11How can military intervention counter terrorism (4)Eliminates, disrupts and detains the threat
Demonstration of overwhelming force
Deters large scale activity
Can be extremely effective at debilitating organisations and forcing negotiation or dismantling - Ireland and Afghanistan - 12Why is military intervention not always effective at countering terrorimsBlowback - Iraq - organisations such as IS want to engage with military forces to encourage further recruitment
Norms - military intervention in a democracy is very difficult to do legitimately - Ireland
Target opportunity legitimises the threat - killing civilians is unpopular, killing soliders is popular, engage with soldiers and you're at war, not a terrorist
Threat shift and asymmetry, can be seen as disproportional and it is easy for the military to get into a complicated situations - 13How can politics counter terrorismIn some instances removing a sympathetic leader/corrupt officials can limit capacity
democracy can help groups feel powerful and not need terror
encouraging trade can improve economy and decrease radicalisation chances - 14Why is politics not great at countering terrorismIt is almost impossible to effectively and artificially implement - Iraq and Afghanistan, it also relies on the group either being ready to negotiate or members not really aligning with the cause
- 15Is terrorism effectiveNo
Cronin - 4% achieve goals, 2% get big concessions, 87% fail to achieve primary aims - 16How does terrrorism end48% through political process
21% through splintering
40% through police repression
7% through military repression
Larger groups are more susceptible to military repression - 17What 4 things can a state do to end terrorRepress - Tamal tigers, developing militaristic countries preferred methods
intelligence - western favourite PREVENT and GCHQ
Decapitate - Kill popular leadership - Israel and US
Negotiate - Ireland - works if there are achievable goals - 184 things that happen within groups that can end terrorOrganisational decline - members leaving due to desire to live a normal life etc.
Splintering and factionalism - AQ and IS
Loss of support - if groups piss off their base no one will hide them
Unsuccessful generational transition - AQ
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- Beschreibung
- 1st year (IP) Karteikarten am Terrorism , erstellt von John Doak am 13/01/2019.
- Erstellt von
- John Doak
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