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Maintaining Biodiversity
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- 13 biggest threats to biodiversityLoss/Alteration of Habitat,
Introduction of Nonnative Species,
Over-harvesting - 2DiversityThe number of different species, and variation within species
- 3Diversity of plants vs animalsLower plant diversity = lower herbivore diversity.
Lower herbivore diversity = lower carnivore diversity. - 4Indirect effects of plant diversityDifferent plant species have different impacts on abiotic factors. Shade, soil properties, etc.
- 5SuccessionThe change in organisms living in an area over time, after a disturbance.
- 6Primary vs Secondary SuccessionPrimary = from bare rock
Secondary = soil and some survivors remain. - 71st species to grow on bare rock. What do they do to pave the way for new species?Lichens- symbioses of bacteria/algae and fungi. They start photosynthesis, and wear down rock so plants can take root after they decay.
- 8Describe the timeline for different species to establish from pioneer to climax communities.Pioneer: Bare rock, lichens, small annuals + lichens, Perennials + grasses.
Intermediate: Grasses, shrubs, shade intolerant trees.
Climax: Shade tolerant trees. - 9Early vs late colonizers:Early: High dispersal, short lifespan, poor competitor.
Late: Sometimes poorer dispersal, slower growing/longer lived, good competitors - 10Climax CommunitySystem whereby current species are replaced by individuals of the same species.
- 11DisturbanceAn effect that sets the community to an earlier stage in succession.
- 12Small Scale DisturbanceCould be small & localized (a tree falling, ect.)
Allows survival and reproduction of shade intolerant species, which fill the hole in the canopy until a shade tolerant sapling outcompetes them.. - 13Large Scale DisturbanceSudden, and effects a large area (Fires, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes)
Where these occur regularly, sometimes life evolves to survive, and even depend on them (Resinous cones of jack-pine need fire, etc.) - 14What advantage is gained by waiting until after a fire to release seeds and germinate?Fewer competitors around after a fire.
- 15Species diversity maintained byDisturbance
- 16Generally shade intolerant genera:Salix (willow), Populus (aspen/poplar), Rubus (blackberry), Juglans (walnut), Carya (hickory), Prunus (cherry)
- 17Generally shade tolerant genera:Acer (Maple), Picea (Spruce), Thuja (Hemlock), Abies (Firs)
- 18How is climate change impacting the range of certain species and systems?The plants that can are retreating North, or to higher elevations. If higher elevations aren't available, they disappear.
- 19Why are shifting ranges a problem?The whole system doesn't shift with the species. They find themselves in new systems with different competitors, predators, etc, and could disrupt the system or quickly die off.
- 20Importance of GermplasmCollection of genetic material of native species is important for conservation in the locale.
- 21When buying seeds, buy local and avoid Cultivars, varieties, and "Nativars". Why?Most have undergone artificial selection for traits preferred by horticulturists.
- 22What benefit does a plant get by waiting through a cold period to germinate?More favorable conditions for growing.
- 23Which section of oaks germinate in fall, and which would you stratify (preserve) to start in spring?Stratify the Lobatae (Red oaks), they germinate in spring. Quercus (White oaks) germinate in fall. Plant as soon as they're ripe.
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- Beschreibung
- This is the final lecture material for bio552. You made it! It reads like a more traditional lecture, so I'll try to focus on big-picture concepts with this one.
- Erstellt von
- Wes Smalley
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