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Karteikarten

Echo - Mitral Valve Stenosis

Adriana Long Sonography Englisch 58 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (58)

  1. 1Anatomy Mitral Leaflets: • Anterior: ____ • Posterior: ____ with extensive ___ ____ attachment • Both leaflets have ____ scallops• Longer
    • Short ; papillary muscle
    • Scallops
  2. 2Anatomy: • ____ ___ connect papillary muscles to leaflets• Chordae Tendineae
  3. 3Anatomy Papillary Muscles: • _____ • ______ (Inferiorposterio)• Anteriorlateral
    • Posteriormedial
  4. 4Anatomy: • ____ _____ ____• Fibromuscular Mitral Annulus
  5. 5Views to Evaluate MV: • Parasternal ____ and ___ • Apical ___, ___, and ____ (apical long) • ____• Long ; short
    • 4 ; 2 ; 3
    • Subcostal
  6. 6Views to Evaluate MV Motion of the leaflets are influenced by: • _____ in the LA and LV • ____ and ____ of blood flow through orifice• Pressures
    • Velocity ; volume
  7. 7Views to Evaluate MV: • Motion of leaflets in reference to ____ attachment• Annular
  8. 8Views to Evaluate MV Left Ventricular Function: • LV ____ compliance (how well LV "___/___") • ____ performance of LV• Diastolic ; "stretches/relaxes"
    • Systolic
  9. 9Mitral Stenosis: • Narrowing of the left ____ ____• Atrioventricular Orifice
  10. 10Mitral Stenosis Causes (Etiology) Rheumatic Fever: • Most ____ • ____• Common
    • Doming
  11. 11Mitral Stenosis Causes (Etiology) Severe Mitral Annular Calcification (MAC): • ____ patients• Elderly
  12. 12Mitral Stenosis Causes (Etiology): Secondary Causes: • LA ___, tumor, or ___ • Congenital anomalies - ____• Mass ; infection
    • Uncommon
  13. 13Congenital Anomalies - Uncommon MV Atresia: • Absence of a normal ____• Opening
  14. 14Congenital Anomalies - Uncommon Parachute MV: • ____ papillary muscle attached• One
  15. 15Congenital Anomalies - Uncommon Lutenbacher's Disease: • Combination of ____ and ___ stenosis• ASD ; mitral
  16. 16LA Mass, Tumor or Vegetation: • Creates ____ MS• Secondary
  17. 17Parachute MV: • Both mitral valve leaflets attach to one ____ ____!• Papillary muscle
  18. 18Clinical Signs & Symptoms of MS: • ____ upon ____ • Shortness of breath with ___ • Most ____ symptom• Dyspnea upon exertion
    • Exercise
    • Common
  19. 19Clinical Signs & Symptoms of MS: • ____ • Coughing and spitting of ___ from respiratory tract • Due to ___ of blood flow into lungs • ____ most common symptom• Hemoptysis
    • Blood
    • Backup
    • Second
  20. 20Clinical Signs & Symptoms of MS: • ____ NOTE: • ____ clinical presentation • Heart ___ well, symptoms present ____• Chest pain
    • Slow
    • Adapts ; slowly
  21. 21Clinical Signs & Symptoms of MS Heart Sound (Murmur): • Opening ___ • Diastolic ___• Snap
    • Rumble
  22. 222D Findings of MS Diastolic Doming: • Doming of the anterior leaflet creates a "____ ___ appearance"• "Hockey stick appearance"
  23. 232D Findings of MS Diastolic Doming: • Body of leaflet ___ more than the tips ---> ____ MS finding!• Separate
    ---> Classic
  24. 242D Findings of MS Commissural Fusion: • A site of union of ____ or ____ parts ; specifically, the sites of junction between ___ ___ of the heart valves • Contributes to the ___ effect• Corresponding ; touching ; adjacent cusps
    • Doming
  25. 252D Findings of MS: • Visible ___ of the MV leaflets • Anterior motion of the ___ MV leaflet due to stenosis• Thickening
    • Posterior
  26. 262D Findings of MS Decreased MV Orifice: • You can determine MVA by doing a ____ of the MV orifice • Seen best in ____ during diastole • Trace ____ of MV *Machine will calculate for you!• Planimetry
    • PSAX
    • Opening
  27. 272D Findings of MS Left Atrial Enlargement: • The LA pressure ___ because LA empties ____• Increases ; slower
  28. 282D Findings of MS Left Atrial Enlargement: • ____ pressure and ____ causes LA to enlarge• Increased ; volume
  29. 292D Findings of MS Left Atrial Enlargement: • Extent of enlargement is dependent of ___ of MS• Degree
  30. 302D Findings of MS Right Ventricle and Atrial Enlargement: • Happens after long-standing back up of ____ and ____• Volume ; pressure
  31. 31Pulmonary HTN • Occurs with ____-____ MS • Indicates ____ MS• Long-standing
    • Severe
  32. 32Pulmonary HTN: • PA ___ due to increased pressure • ___ and ___ veins dilate with failure to collapse ___% *Intervene before heart wall is effected• Dilates
    • IVC ; hepatic ; 50%
  33. 33MS & Pulmonary HTN "D" Shaped LV: • Due to ____ • Best seen in ___ view• RVVO
    • PSAX
  34. 34MS & Pulmonary HTN RV Hypertrophy: • Eventually leads to ___ and ___ *Working too hard to compensate• Dilatation ; failure
  35. 35MS & Pulmonary HTN: • ____ ___ ___ (RVVO) ---> RVVO = Right Ventricular Volume OverloadParadoxical Septal Motion
  36. 36M-Mode Findings of MS: • ____ E-F slope and A wave • Decreased leaflet ___ (D-E) • ____ leaflets • Anterior motion of ____ • Loss of "___" shape• Decreased
    • Excursion
    • Thickened
    • PMVL
    • "M"
  37. 37Normal MV Doppler vs. MS: • The E to A wave "M" is ____ • Blood has to ___ through the valve instead of just flowing through easily• Lost
    • Squeeze
  38. 38MS: • ___, ___, and ___ are seen on M-mode • M-mode of LV displays ___ septal motion• LAE ; RAE ; RVE
    • Paradoxical
  39. 39MS M-Mode of PV Displays: (with PHTN) • Absent of decreased "___ ___" • Mid-systolic ____ of the PV cusp creating "____ ___" appearance• "A dip"
    • Notching ; "flying W"
  40. 40Pressure 1/2 Time: • The time required for the ___ gradient across the MV to be reduced to ___ • It is _____ related to the ___ of MS• Peak ; 1/2
    • Quantitatively ; degree
  41. 41Pressure 1/2 Time: • Obtained by measuring the ___ slope from E to F on the ____ MS waveform ---> Always measure using ___ waveform!• Deceleration ; peak
    • CW
  42. 42Degree of MS by P 1/2t Method Is: • Normal: ___-___ milliseconds (msec) • Mild MS: ___-___ msec • Moderate: ___-___ msec • Severe: >= ____ msec• 30-60 msec
    • 90-150 msec
    • 150-219 msec
    • >= 220 msec
  43. 43MS Misc.: • The Mitral Stenosis Doppler waveform is ___ the baseline! • The ____ the slope, the worse the stenosis!• Above
    • Straighter
  44. 44MS Misc.: • The ___ the slope, the better • The ___ the P1/2t, the worse the stenosis!• Steeper
    • Longer
  45. 45Mitral Valve Area (MVA): • Once the ____ is calculated, the machine will automatically calculate the MVA Within the equation, ___ is a constant• P1/2t
    • 220
  46. 46Degree of MS by the MVA Method: • Normal: ___-___cm2 • Mild MS: ___-___ cm2 • Moderate MS: ___-___ cm2 • Severe MS: < ___ cm2• 2.5 - 4 cm2
    • 1.5 - 2.5 cm2
    • 1.0 - 1.5 cm2
    • < 1.0 cm2
  47. 47To Maintain the Mean Gradient: • With ___ doppler, trace the ___-__ complex• CW ; E-A
  48. 48Mean Gradient Findings: • Mild: < ___ mmHg • Moderate: ___-___ mmHg • Severe: > ___ mmHg• < 5 mmHg
    • 5-12 mmHg
    • > 12 mmHg
  49. 49Color Flow Doppler of MS: • Mitral stenosis creates a turbulent ____ flow moving through the MV from the LA into LV• Diastolic
  50. 50Color Flow Doppler of MS: • It has a flame appearance "___ ___" or "___ ____" • Mitral ____ is probable, evaluate appropriately• "Big flick" ; "candle stick"
  51. 51Complications of MS Mitral Regurgitation: • ____ cause due to ____ which impairs MV closure • Causes MV to "____ ___" • Scarring of the leaflets which ____ and ____ the chordae• Secondary ; LAE
    • "Stretch out"
    • Shortens ; thickens
  52. 52Complications of MS: • ____ ____ Atrial Fibrillation: • Common with ___-___ MS • Increased incidence whenever the left atrium is ____• Pulmonary HTN
    • Long-standing
    • Enlarged
  53. 53Complications of MS LA thrombus and systemic embolization: • ____ blood can form due to inability to pass through valve efficiently • Can see "____" effect (spontaneous contrast)• Stagnant
    • "Smoke"
  54. 54Complications of MS: • ____ ____ • Decreased ____ ____• Infective endocarditis
    • Cardiac output
  55. 55Treatment of MS: • Mitral _____ (surgical) ---> Increase size of MV ____ ---> Separate ____, ____ leaflets ---> To assess, look for ____ and degree of ____• Commissurotomy
    ---> Orifice
    ---> Adherent ; thickened
    ---> Pliability ; calcification
  56. 56Treatment of MS: • Mitral ____ ---> Catheter balloon (inflated ___ in orifice) that is used to try to ___ the orifice area/size• Valvuloplasty
    ---> Once ; increase
  57. 57Treatment of MS: • Valve ____ ---> ____ or ____ valve• Replacement
    ---> Mechanical or bioprosthetic
  58. 58W

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Beschreibung
Sonography (Echo) Karteikarten am Echo - Mitral Valve Stenosis, erstellt von Adriana Long am 18/09/2019.
Erstellt von
Adriana Long · Sep 2019
Aktualisiert
18 Sep 2019
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