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Flashcards

Specialty Exams - Cardiac Catheterization

ecmarchese Echo English 47 cards

Cards in this deck (47)

  1. 1Gold standard utilization for coronary arteriesCardiac Cath
  2. 2Where is the incision site for a cardiac cath?Most commonly femoral junction; can utilize upper extremity arteries
  3. 3Cardiac cath techniqueFemoral incision made; guide wire inserted to the level of the aorta; catheter is inserted over guide wire; dye injected into coronary arteries; simultaneously X-rays are taken (fluoroscopy) to look for filling defects
  4. 4True/False cardiac cath lab can be utilized to determine pressure curves and gradients of valvesTrue
  5. 5Cardiac Cath Lab Technique for Left side with valve diseaseInsertion same as coronary cath (into femoral artery)
    Catheter is placed into LV and pulled back into aorta to record pressure differences (AoV)
    Catheter is placed into LA and pulled back into LV to record MV pressure gradients
  6. 6Cardiac Cath Lab techniques for Right side with Valve diseaseFemoral Vein used to obtain pressure gradients in right side of heart
    Pulmonic valve: catheter is placed into PA and pulled back into RV for pressure gradients
    Tricuspid valve: catheter is placed into RV and pulled back into RA for gradients
  7. 7What are the normal pressures for the heart?With all valves open= all valves should be equal. If stenotic the pressures are checked prox and distal. ( the difference equals the gradients)
  8. 8What type of gradients do cath labs use?Peak to peak gradient
  9. 9What do we use in the echo lab for pressure gradients?Peak instantaneous or mean gradient
  10. 10With a peak instantaneous gradient, what do you use to convert the max Doppler velocity?Bernoulli's Equation
  11. 11True/False Peak to peak pressure gradient usually exceeds peak instantaneous gradient.False - peak instantaneous exceeds peak to peak
  12. 12In the echo lab which gradient is the average of pressure gradients during the entire flow period?Mean gradient
  13. 13Mean Doppler and ________________ correlate the best!Mean catheterization gradients
  14. 14How does echo calculate mean?By tracing V2
  15. 15How does cath calculate mean gradient?It averages maximum instantaneous pressure and peak to peak gradient
  16. 16From the Cath lab ____________ is used to determine AoV area using mean pressure gradient and cardiac outputGorlin Formula
  17. 17Besides Gorlin's equation, what else will give us AoV area?Echo, continuity equation
  18. 18How close should the Gorlin equation and echo, continuity equation be in calculations of AoV area?VERY CLOSE
  19. 19With Cath assessment of mitral stenosis, pressure waveforms show what?Elevated atrial pressures above ventricular pressure during DIASTOLIC filling
  20. 20With mitral stenosis, MVA is determined by ______.Gorlin's formula
  21. 21How does cath assessment determine mitral stenosis?By determining transvalvular diastolic gradient across MV (Hallmark finding)
  22. 22How does cath lab determine mitral regurgitation?By left ventriculography
  23. 23With a cath lab assessment for mitral regurgitation, what do the pressure waveforms show?Elevation in SYSTOLIC pressures into LA
  24. 24What is left ventriculography?Radiopaque dye (contrast) is injected into LV and amount of reflux into LA is graded (1+ to 4+)
  25. 25What gradients are used in a cath lab assessment for Aortic stenosis?Peak to Peak pressure gradient
    Mean transvalvular pressure gradient
  26. 26AVA is determined by what formula?Gorlin formula
  27. 27In a cath lab assessment for aortic stenosis, pressure waveforms show what?Systolic gradients between LV and aorta between 10-100mmHg
  28. 28In a cath lab assessment for aortic regurgitation, how is the regurgitant volume determined?By supravalvular aortography
  29. 29What is supravalvular aortography?Contrast injected above the AoV to evaluate for reversal of flow into the LV during diastole
  30. 30In a cath lab assessment for aortic regurgitation, the pressure waveforms show what?Elevation in end diastolic pressures and decreased end diatolic pressures of the AV
  31. 31True/False: TVA is determined by the Gorlin formulaTrue
  32. 32What do the pressure waveforms show with tricuspid stenosis?Elevated atrial pressures above ventricular pressures during Diastolic filling
  33. 33With tricuspid stenosis we will see an increased mean diastolic pressure gradient between which two chambers?RA and RV (increases with inspiration)
  34. 34How is tricuspid regurgitation determined?By right ventriculography
  35. 35With tricuspid regurgitation, pressure waveforms will show elevation where?In systolic pressure in the LA or RA
  36. 36Tricuspid regurgitation will show ____________ RA pressure and RV diastolic pressureAn increased
  37. 37What do the pressure waveform show with pulmonary stenosis?Systolic gradients between the RV and pulmonary artery between 10 and 100mmHg
  38. 38With a pulmonary insufficiency, regurgitant volume is determined by ___________________pulmonary angiography
  39. 39With pulmonary insufficiency, demonstrated diastolic reflux in the RV during systole or diastole?Diastole
  40. 40What do the pressure waveforms show with pulmonary insufficiency?Elevation in end diastolic RV pressures and decreased end diastolic pressures of the PV
  41. 41When doing a cath assessment LV function, what functions are you looking at?Global and Systolic
  42. 42How do you assess LV function?By left ventriculography
  43. 43What are the 4 methods of determining cardiac output?Thermodilution
    Indicator dilution
    Fick method
    Angiography
  44. 44Which CO method measures the difference between end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes and multiplying it by heart rateAngiography
  45. 45Which CO method is an injection of chilled saline into RA. The difference in temperature measured in the PA is used to calculate COThermodilution
  46. 46Which CO method involves comparing the difference in O2 consumption/difference in O2 content between arterial and pulmonary systemFick method
  47. 47This rarely used method of determining CO is an injection of idocyanine green dye into the right sideIndicator dilution

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Echo Flashcards on Specialty Exams - Cardiac Catheterization, created by ecmarchese on 18/03/2014.
Created by
ecmarchese · Mar 2014
Updated
May 9, 2016
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