Karteikarten
Chapter 1 Q&A Flashcards
Karten in diesem Stapel (57)
- 1What is data?Data is unprocessed raw facts and figures that have no meaning
- 2Give three examples of dataNumbers e.g. 12381471
Characters e.g abcd
Symbols e.g /,>,/ - 3what is information?Information is data with structure, context and meaning.
Information = data + context + meaning - 4Name the 6 methods of conveying informationText
Pictures
Sound
Videos
Animation
LED - 5Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using text to convey information+ Explanations can be given
- There may be language barriers - 6Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using pictures to convey information+ Pictures can be viewed even if its noisy
- Images on their own cannot give explanations or instructions - 7Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using LED to convey information+ LEDs take up very little space
- LEDs can only be seen if you are standing close to them - 8Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using videos to convey information+ Videos can include both sound and video meaning explanations can be given at the same time as moving images.
- Time consuming to produce - 9Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using sound to convey information+ Has the ability to grab people's attention
- Deaf people cannot understand - 10Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using animation to convey information+ Can convey a meaning effectively, such as somebody putting litter in a bin.
- Only shows steps/frames of a moving image so some information could be missed out. - 11What is knowledge?Knowledge is the application of information to a situation based upon rules.
- 12Name the 5 data typesBoolean
Real
Integer
String
Date/time - 13Describe the string data typeA string of data is a set or list of letters, symbols, characters and/or numbers. It is often used to encompass text/alphanumeric/characters.
- 14Describe the integer data typeIntegers are whole numbers. There are never any decimal places or fractions in an integer e.g. 1
- 15Describe the real data typeThe real data type are numbers which include decimal places e.g. 2.55
- 16Describe the date/time data typeAny dates or times can be stored using the date/time data type. This allows the dates and times to be sorted into a logical order
- 17Describe the Boolean data typeBoolean data can only have one of two values. These values are “True” or “False”. This can also be represented as “Yes” or “No
- 18Describe the difference between indirect and direct sources of data.If data is used for same purpose it was originally collected for then the source is classed as a direct source of data. Whereas, if data is used for a different purpose to that it was originally collected for then the source is classed as an indirect source of data.
- 19Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using a direct source of data+ The original source can be trusted as the data that is collected is the data that is needed.
- It can be costly to collect original data. - 20Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using indirect sources of data.+ The data is readily available, there is no need to wait.
- The data may not meet all of the needs of the new purpose of use. - 21What is static data?Static data does not change. Static data will have been produced at a particular time on a particular date and it is then permanent. This includes data such as CD-ROMs andin books
- 22What is dynamic data?Dynamic data can change. It is data that is stored in an electronic format and will change as circumstances change. This could be data stored on a network or on the internet for example
- 23Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using static data+ It is more likely to be accurate because it is likely to be professionally published.
- Static data can become out of date very quickly. - 24Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using dynamic data+ A wide range of sources of data are often immediately available meaning there is a good chance of finding the information needed.
- May have been made available very quickly and so may contain errors. Also anybody can put information online. - 25Name 6 components which affect the quality of informationAccuracy
Relevance
Age
Completeness
Presentation
Level of detail - 26Describe how accuracy can affect the quality of informationAccurate data must be correct. There are various errors that can occur including wrong spellings, numbers or letters in the wrong place or even completely wrong data. If data is not accurate, then it is unreliable.
- 27Describe how relevance can affect the quality of informationInformation must be relevant for the purpose it is being used. Additional or irrelevant information can be confusing or overwhelming. Travellers going from Birmingham to Liverpool do not need to know what time trains to London arrive at Birmingham.
- 28Describe how age can affect the quality of informationThe data must be up-to-date for the purpose it is being used. Much data can become out of date very quickly and so it is important to check when the data was produced.
- 29Describe how completeness can affect the quality of informationIt is important that all the data required is available. Some data might be accidentally missed out.
- 30Describe how presentation can affect the quality of informationAll of the information provided can be present, accurate, up-to date and relevant, but it may be presented badly meaning that it is difficult to interpret or too confusing to understand.
- 31Describe how level of detail can affect the quality of informationThe level of detail within information is a combination of relevance and completeness. If information is too detailed, then there will be a lot of irrelevant information. However, if there is not enough detail, then the information could be classed as incomplete.
- 32Describe what is meant by numerical representationA way of encoding data. This is when words or descriptions are replaced by numbers.
e.g. science = 1, art = 2 - 33Describe what is meant by abbreviationsA way of encoding data. involves replacing words or descriptions with letters that are related to those words or descriptions. e.g. English = ENG
- 34Describe what is meant by value judgementA type of encoding data. These are used in questionnaires when a respondent is asked what they think about a particular thing e.g rating the cleanliness from 1-5
- 35Give two advantages of encoding data+ less storage or memory is needed and therefore more is available for other applications
+ the speed of processing the data is increased because the processor only has a few letters or numbers to process instead of whole words or phrases - 36Give two disadvantages of encoding data- Some codes lead to difficulties when interpreting what they mean.
- Codes have to be unique. That means that they can only be used once. This can cause a problem when codes run out. - 37Name 5 validation methodsRange check
Type Check
Length check
Picture/format check
Presence check - 38What is meant by range checlA range check will ensure that data is within an acceptable range. There will be a lower limit and a higher limit. e.g. quantity must be between 1-5
- 39what is meant by type checkA type check will check to see that the data is the correct data type. Only data of the specified data type will be accepted.
- 40what is meant by length checkA length check ensures that data is a minimum, maximum or specific length. Only data that meets the length requirements will be accepted.
- 41What is meant by picture/format checkA format check will ensure that data entered matches a particular pattern.
- 42what is meant by presence checkA presence check simply ensures that some data has been entered for a particular field. In other words, the field cannot be left empty.
- 43What is the purpose of validation methodsTo reduce input errors by identifying invalid data at the point of data entry. This means that when data is entered, if it is invalid then it will be rejected.
- 44Name the two verification methodsDouble entry and proof reading
- 45Describe what is meant by double entryDouble entry verification involves asking for the data to be entered twice. The most common example of this is when you are asked to create or change a password.
- 46describe what is meant by proof readingThe proof reading method of verification, sometimes referred to as “manual verification”, involves visually checking that the data entered on the computer matches the original source data.
- 47What is meant by backing up dataA backup of data is a copy of data. It is used in case the original source of data is lost or damaged. If this happens, then the copy of the data (backup) can be restored and used in place of the original data
- 48Describe what is meant by archiving datArchiving is different to a backup because it involves moving the data rather than copying it. When files are archived, they are moved from immediate access to another storage medium. This is done when files are no longer needed very often but they may still be needed on rare occasions.
- 49Name the costs of producing information• hardware
• software
• consumables
• personnel - 50describe hardware costsThis covers any equipment that is required to collect or produce information, including the computers needed to process the information and the storage medium to store the information. e.g. scanner, printer, computer
- 51Describe software costsSoftware is inevitably going to be required to produce information which will include the collection and processing of data. Like hardware, software is likely to be purchased once and used many times for lots of different projects.
- 52describe consumable costsIf something is consumed it is used. Once it is consumed, it cannot be used again. When information is produced for a presentation, electricity and bulb life are consumed when using a digital projector.
- 53describe personnel costsPeople are needed to collect and produce information. A computer can process information, but people will be needed at some point during the process. The personnel costs would be employees wages
- 54Describe the term inputThis is data that is put in to the computer system. It can be as simple as letters, numbers and symbols being typed onto a keyboard or complex like video with moving images and sound.
- 55describe the term processOnce the data has been received by the computer system, the processor will need to process the data. Data can be received as an input or from storage. The processor will manipulate the data by performing calculations or sorting the data or transforming it in some other way before it is ready to be stored or output.
- 56describe the term outputOnce data has been processed, it is transformed into information which can be put out of the computer system as an output. An output device will be required to generate the information
- 57describe the term storageData can be stored in two forms – temporarily while processing is taking place (eg using RAM), or for longer term storage on secondary storage devices (eg hard disk). While the data is stored, it is still within the system and can be accessed at a later time or during processing.
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- A-Level ICT (Chapter 1) Karteikarten am Chapter 1 Q&A Flashcards, erstellt von narbr001 am 14/04/2015.
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