Karteikarten
Chap 2- Solutions
Karten in diesem Stapel (21)
- 1gas in gas liquid in gas solid in gaso2 in n2
chloroform in n2
camphor in n2 - 2gas in liquid liquid in liquid solid in liquido2 in water
ethanol in water
glucose in water - 3gas in solid liquid in solid solid in solidh2 in pd
amalgam of hg with na
cu in gold - 4Define Solubilitythe max amt of solute which can be dissolved in a specified amt of solvent at a specific temperature. depends on nature of solute and solvent, temp and pressure
- 5define crystallisationwhen solute particles of solutions collide with the solute particles of solute they get separated out of the solution
- 6temp- solubility of solid in liquid temp- solubility of gas in liquidendothermic- solubility increases with an increase in temp
exothermic- solubility decreases with a decrease in temp
*gen- nearly saturated sol-endo
-decreases with a rise in temp. dissolution of gas is an exothermic process - 7henry law -pressure -mole fraction-at const temp, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the solution
-the mole fraction of the gas in solution is proportional to the partial pressure of gas over the solution - 8p=Kh. kai comment on KhKh- henrys law constant
diff gas have different kh values at the same temp
Kh -is a function of nature of gas
higher the Kh value lower the solubility - 9graph of partial pressure Vs mole fraction vapour pressure Vs mole fractionlinear graph
- 10why are aquatic species more comfortable in cold waterthe Kh values of n2 and o2 increase with an increase in temp reducing the solubility of the gases in warm waters
- 113 applications of henry law- increase the solubility of co2 in cola bottle sealed at high pressure
-SCUBA DIVERS: under high pressure, the solubility of atmospheric gases increases, towards surface gradual decrease nitrogen from air bubbles in the blood (bends) avoid - air diluted with helium
-high altitude P of 02 less than P on ground , weak unable to think clearly (anoxia) - 12Raoult's Lawsolution of volatile liquids, partial pressure of each component is proportional to mole fraction in solution
- 13P1=P01*x1 P1=y1*Ptotalpo1- vapour pressure of pure solvent at the same temp
y1-mole fraction in vapour phase - 14vapour pressure of solid in liquidon adding non volatile solute in solvent the fraction of surface covered by the solvent decreases, no. of molecules escaping dec, V.P decreases
- 15Ideal Solutionobey raoults law
IMF- A-B = A-A B-B
delta H=0 deltaV=0
eg- benzene+toulene
-n-hexane+n-heptane
-bromoethane+chloroethane - 16+VE DEVIATION NON- IDEALIMF- A-B0 deltaV>0
eg- acetone+methanol
-ethanol+water - 17-VE DEVIATIONIMF- A-B> A-A B-B
deltaH<0 deltaV<0
EG- phenol+aniline(intermolecular h bond bw phenol proton and LP of nitrogen)
- chloroform+acetone(chloroform h bond with acetone decreasing tendency to escape) - 18what are azeotropes. TYpesliquids have same composition in liquid and vapour phase and boil at constant temp to give azeotropes. can be separated by fractional distillation
MIN BOILING- eg-ethanol+water
large +ve deviation frm raoults law
MAX BOILING- eg-nitric acid+water - 19colligative propertiesall properties depending on the no. of solute irrespective of the nature
- 20types of colligative1. relative lowering of vapour pressure
2. elevation in boiling point
3. depression in freezing point
4. osmotic pressure - 21derivation + graph of colligative
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- XII Chemistry Karteikarten am Chap 2- Solutions, erstellt von Jiya Chaki am 02/02/2021.
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