Karteikarten
CH 11 Cooper
Karten in diesem Stapel (23)
- 1Positive reinforcementwhen a response is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus and as a result, similar responses occur more frequently
- 2Positive reinforcersomething was added & future freq of bx increases
- 3Motivating operations (MO)environmental variables that have 2 effects on bx
1. they alter the operant R+ effectiveness for some specific stimuli
2. They alter the momentary frequency of all bx that have been reinforced by those stimuli - 4EO establishing operationsdetermine what an individual wants at any particular moment
-Varied under conditions of deprivation & satiation - 5AO Abolishing operationsdecreases the effectiveness of a reinforcer
- 6Automatic Reinforcementa person doesn't have to understand or verbalize the relation between actions and reinforcing consequences
#scratching a bite
#others people are not delivering consequence - 7unconditioned reinforcerstimulus change that functions as a reinforcement even though the learner ahs has no particular learning history with it
#primary reinforcer
#maybe shes born with it
#phylogenic
#unlearned
Reinforcement depends on MO
sex,food,water,oxygen, shelter,activity, sleep, warmth, decrease in pain - 8conditioned reinforcer#secondary reinforcer
#learned reinforcer
a previously neutral stimulus change that has acquired the capability to function as a reinforcer through stimulus-stimulus pairing with one or more uncationed reinforcers or conditioned reinforcers - 9generalized conditioned reinforcersa conditioned reinforcer that as a result of having been paired with many unconditioned and conitioned reinforcers doe not depend on a current EO for any particular form of reinforcement for its effectiveness. EX social attention
#token economy - can improve multiple bx - 10Types of reinforcement (5)1. edible
2. sensory
3. tangible
4. Activity
5. Social - 11Premack principleFirst-then
Grandmas law
High rate bx is contingent on low rat bx occurring - 12Stimulus assessment vs reinforcerStimulus preference assessments identify stimuli that are likely to serve as reinforcement and reinforcer assessments puy reinforcers to a direct test as potential reinforcement to use
- 13Stimulus preference assessments determine*the stimuli a person prefers
*the relative preference values of the stimuli
*the condition under which those preference values change when task demands, deprivation or schedules are modified - 14Ways of conducting a stimulus preference assessment1. Asking the person
2. Asking stakeholders
3. Free operant observation- #freely choose
4. Contrived Free Operant- #salts environment with variety of items
5. Naturalistic Free Operant- #everyday environment
6. Trail based method- stimuli presented in series of tirals
7. Single Stimulus- successive choice
8. Paired stimuli- #forced choice
9. Multipe stimulus- 3 or more, shorter can be replaced or with out - 15Reinforcer assessmentvariety of direct data-based methods used to present one ore more stimuli contingent on a target response and then measuring the future effects on the rate of responding
- 163 types of reinforcer assessments1. Concurrent schedule
2. Multiple scheudle
3. Progressive Ratio- Schedule - 17Concurrent Schedule reinforcer assessmentwhen two or more contingencies of reinforecment operate independently and simultaneously for two or more bx
#puts two stimuli against each other - 18Multiple schedules reinforcer assessmentconsists of 2 or more component scheules of reinforcement for a single response with only one component schedule in effect at any given time.
#contingent on bx - 19Progressive Ratio scheduleprovides the framework for assessing the relative effectiveness of a stimulus as reinforcement as response requirements increase.
#response requirements increase systematically over time based on persons bx until it reaches its threshold and bx declines - 20noncontingent reinforcerpresentation of potential reinforcement on a fixed time or variable time schedule independent of the occurrence of the bx.
ABCBC- B=NCR C=R+ contingent on bx - 21DRO Differential Reinforcement of Other Bxdelivers a potential reinforcer whenever the target bx has not occurred during a set time interval
ABCBC
B=reinforcment of target bx
c= reinforcement of absnese of target bx - 22DRA Differential reinforcement of alternative bxuses as a control condition the potential reinforcer is presented contingent on the occurrence of a desirable behavior
ABCBC
B= R+ presented contingent on the occurrence of target bx
c= R+ contingent on the occuranc of alternative bx - 23Using Reinforcement Effectively (9)1. Set easily achieved criterion at first #average baseline
2.Use High-quality R+ of sufficient magnitude-
3. Use varied Reinforcers to maintain potent EO's #variety
4. Use direct Reinforcement contingencies
5. Combine Response Prompts and reinforcement-
6. Reinforce each occurrence of bx.
7. Use Contingent attention and Descriptive praise
8. Gradually increase he response to reinforcement delay
9. gradually shift from contrived to naturally occurring reinforcers
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- Karteikarten am CH 11 Cooper, erstellt von Lauren Gall am 23/07/2021.
- Erstellt von
- Lauren Gall
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