Karteikarten
BRS Renal and Acid-Base Physiology
Karten in diesem Stapel (33)
- 1Secretion of K+ by the distal tubule will be decreased byspironolactone administration
- 2Subjects A and B are 70kg men. Subject A drinks 2 L of distilled water and subject B drinks 2 L of isotonic NaCl. As a result of these ingestions subject B will have ahigher urine osmolarity
- 3A woman with a history of severe diarrhea has the following arterial blood values: pH: 7.25 PCo2: 24 mmHg HCo3-: 10 mEg/l venous blood samples show decreased blood K+ and a normal anion gap. the correct diagnosis for this patient ismetabolic acidosis
- 4A woman with a history of severe diarrhea has the following arterial blood values: pH: 7.25 PCo2: 24 mmHg HCo3-: 10 mEg/l venous blood samples show decreased blood K+ and a normal anion gap. The decreased blood K+ is a result ofincreased circulating levels of aldosterone
- 5The reabsorption of filtered HCO3-is inhibited by decreases in arterial PCO2
- 6To maintain normal H+ balance total daily excretion of H+ should equal the dailyfixed acid production plus fixed acid ingestion
- 7One gram of Mannitol was injected into a woman. After equilibrium a plasma sample had a mannitol concentration of .8g/l. During the equilibrium period 20% of the injected mannitol was excreted in the urine. The subjectsECF volume is 10L
- 8At plasma concentrations of glucose higher than occur at transport maximum theexcretion of glucose increases with the increasing plasma glucose concentration
- 9a negative free-water clearance(-CH20) will occur in a person whohas an oat cell carcinoma of the lung and excretes urine with an osmolarity of 1000 mOsm/L
- 10A buffer pair(HA/A-) has a pK of 5.4. at a blood pH of 7.4 the concentration of HA is1/100 that of A-
- 11What would produce and increase in the reabsorption of isosmotic fluid in the proximal tubuleincreased filtration fraction
- 12Which two substances can be used to measure interstitial fluid volumeinsulin and radioactive albumin
- 13At plasma para-aminohippuric acid ( PAH) concentrations below the transport maximum PAHconcentration in the renal vein is close to zero
- 14Compared with a person who ingests 2 L of distilled water a person with deprivation will have ahigher rate of H2O reabsorption in the collecting ducts
- 15What would cause an increase in both the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF)dilation of the afferent arteriole
- 16Which of the following would best distinguish an otherwise healthy person with seven water deprivation from a person with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)plasma osmolarity
- 17What causes a decrease in renal Ca2+ clearancetreatment with chlorothiazide
- 18A patient has the following arterial blood values: pH: 7.52 PCO2: 20 mm Hg HCO3: 16 mEq/l Which statements about the patient is correcthe has decreased ionized Ca2+ in blood
- 19A patient arrives at the ER with low arterial pressure, reduced tissue turgor and the following arterial blood values: pH= 7/69 HCO3= 57mEq/L PCO2= 48 mm Hg What response would be expected to occur in this patientexchange of intracellular H+ for extracellular K+
- 20which ion has a higher concentration in intracellular fluid then in extracellular fluidK+
- 21a woman has a plasma osmolarity of 300 mOsm/l and a urine osmolarity of 1200 mOsm/L the correct diagnosis iscentral diabetes insipidus
- 22A patient is infused with para-aminohipuric acid (PAH) to measure renal blood flow (RBF). She has a urine flow rate of 1ml/min a plasma PAH of 1mh/ml a urine PAH of 600 mh/ml and hematocrit of 45%. What is her effective RBF1091 ml/min
- 23What substance has the highest renal clearancePAH Para-aminohippuric acid
- 24A woman runs a marathon in 90 degree weather ad replaces all volume lost in sweat by drinking distilled water. After the marathon she will havedecreased plasma osmolarity
- 25what causes hyperkalemiaexercise
- 26What is the cause of metabolic alkalosishyperaldosteronism
- 27What does the parathyroid hormone do on the renal tubulestimulate adenylate cyclase
- 28A man presents with hypertension and hypokalemia. Measurement of his arterial blood pressure reveals a pH of 7.5 and a calculated HCO3- of 32 mEq/L. His serum cortisol and urinary vanillylmandelic acid VMA are normal his serum aldosterone is increased. and his plasma renin activity is decreased. What is the cause for his hypertensionConn's Syndrome
- 29What set of arterial blood values describes a heavy smoker with a history of emphysema and chronic bronchitis who is becoming increasingly somnolentPh 7.32
HCO3- 30
PCO2 60 - 30What set of arterial blood values describes a patient with partially compensated respiratory alkalosis after 1 month on a mechanical ventilatorPh 7.50
HCO3- 15
PCO2 20 - 31What set of arterial blood values describes a patient with chronic renal failure ( eating a normal protein diet) and decreased urinary excretion of NH4Ph 7.31
HCO3- 16
PCO2 33 - 32What set of arterial blood values describes a patient with untreated diabetes mellitus and increased d urinary excretion of NH4Ph 7.31
HCO3- 16
PCO2 33 - 33What set of arterial blood values describes a patient with a 5 day history of vomitingPh 7.65
HCO3- 48
PCO2 45