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Social 7 Unit 4: Colonization
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- 1How did Europeans treat their First Nations allies?They used the land the First Nations did not want, helped with their wars, and traded valuable goods.
- 2How did Europeans treat their First Nations enemies?They took First Nations land and fought in wars against them.
- 3How did Europeans spread smallpox to First Nations?Accidentally: brought from Europe, spread through trade
On Purpose: intentionally infecting blankets to eliminate tribes. - 4Who are the Metis and why were they important?The Metis had one European and one First Nations parent. They grew up speaking both languages, and merged both cultures in a unique way. The Metis were the interpreters and guides that were crucial to the Fur Trade.
- 5What is the Hudson's Bay Company?Originally a British Fur Trade Company. They were granted a monopoly over Rupert's land. All the land and water was connected to Hudson's Bay.
- 6What was the fort system?HBC would set up forts along waterways. The First Nations would bring their furs to the forts to trade.
- 7What were the advantages of Hudson's Bay?1. Easy for First Nations to get to forts
2. Thick beaver fur in the area
3. Ships could enter and exit quickly to transport goods - 8How did French Traders compete with the British?The Courer de Bois would trade with First Nations before they got to British forts, which made the British copy French methods, as well as move West.
- 9What were the British territories?1. Newfounland
2. Rupert's Land
3. The Thirteen Colonies (USA) - 10What was Newfoundland used for?Fishing
- 11What was Rupert's land used for?Fur Trading (Forts)
- 12What were The Thirteen Colonies used for?Colonies and Farming
- 13Who came to the 13 Colonies and why?- Farmers came to farm corn, wheat, and tobacco because there was no land left in Britain
- Different religious groups (Quakers, Puritans, Baptistes) came because they had the freedom to worship in their own way - 14What were the differences between New England/New France?Warm/Cold climate
Long/short growing season
Poorer/Best furs - 15What were the different resources in New France and New England?New France: Fur
New England: Fur, Fish, Farmland - 16Who represented the church in New France?Catholic church represented by nuns, priests, and missionaries.
- 17What services did the church provide?Colonists paid tax (tithe)
Church held mass, ran hospitals, taught school, and helped the poor. - 18Who was Marguerite d'Youville?A nun who founded many hospitals in New France and a religious order called the Grey Nuns.
- 19Who were the missionaries?Members of the church sent to convert First Nations to Catholicism. The main group was the Jesuits, or "soldiers of Christ". They lived with First Nations tribes, learned their language and culture, and were some of the only people in Canada who could read/write. They wrote the history we use today.
- 20What is a fad? What was the fad in the 1600s?Fad: an intense, widely shared enthusiasm for something, especially one that is short-lived.
The fad in the 1600s was Beaver Hats! People came to Canada for fur! - 21Why did people want beaver hats? Why were they so valuable?Beaver hats were a symbol of social status.
People put beaver hats in their wills, and they even bought property with them! - 22Who was involved in the French Fur Trade?1. First Nations
2. Courer de Bois
3. Merchants - 23What role did First Nations play?Gathering furs and helping Europeans survive.
- 24What role did merchants play?Brought trade goods from Europe and furs back to Europe.
- 25What role did the Courer de Bois "runners of the woods"/Voyageurs play?Found First Nations tribes, learned their language and culture, and traded with them. This was the easiest way to make money in New France.
- 26What was the barter system?There was no set price on anything, and both parties negotiated until they found a price they could both agree on.
- 27What was the government like in Old France?An absolute monarchy in which the king controls everything and took advice from the wealthy and the church sometimes.
- 28What was the government in New France like?The Sovereign council with three members (governor, intendant, bishop) chosen by the king.
- 29What were the roles of the governor?- Most powerful
- Represented the king
- In charge of the army and external relations - 30What were the roles of the intendant?- Kept colony in order
- Made sure they were not reliant on France
-Made colony profitable for France - 31What were the roles of the bishop?- Head of the church
- Provided spiritual guidance
-Look after schools, hospitals, orphanages - 32What were living conditions like for the common people in Old France?- Farmed land of Noble people in exchange for protection, shelter, and food
- Could not move up in social status - 33What was the seigneurial system for?Creating Farmland
- 34What were the responsibilities of the seigneur?- Find people to farm land
- Build mill and church - 35What were the responsibilities of the habitant?- Clear land
- Farm land
-Give goods to seigneur - 36What were living conditions in New France like?- Seigneurial system used
- Slight chance of moving up in social status - 37Who were the Filles du Roi?- Orphaned, homeless women who could marry (age 12-30)
- King provided them with clothes, transportation, and money, and sent them to New France
- Sent to populate New France
- Were paid for children - 38What is a monopoly?- Complete control of a resource by one company
- Company can sell resource for any price
- Businessman who was granted monopoly responsible for setting up a colony - 39What was Acadia?- Canada's first colony
-Established in Nova Scotia (Mi'kmaq territory)
- Good relationship with First Nations
- - 40What were the hardships in New France?- No cities or development
- Different Climate
- Hard Work - 41What were the benefits in New France?- Jobs (farming, fur trade, government, military)
- Chance at a better life
- Lots of land - 42What is mercantilism?An economic system that was used in Europe in which the home country controls its empire's resources in order to increase the home country's wealth. They reduced the imports they made and increased the exports. They took resources from the colony, processed it, and sold it to other countries for a profit.
- 43What is a colony?A region claimed and governed by a country in another part of the world.
- 44What is colonization?The act of settling a group of people in a new place. They are still ruled by their home country.
- 45Why create a colony?Acquire resources (gather year-round, no trips back to Europe), protect resources (know where First Nations traders are), decrease population (no jobs/land in home country), claim land.
- 46What are the three colonies?1. Rupert's Land
2. New France
3. The 13 Colonies
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- Karteikarten am Social 7 Unit 4: Colonization, erstellt von Yewande O am 06/02/2016.
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