Karteikarten
Adolescent
Karten in diesem Stapel (56)
- 111-13 yrs old 18-21 yrs oldadolescent age range
- 2The onset of menses in females occurs in late pubertyMenarche
- 3AcneIncreased activity, sweat and sebaceous glands; clogged/inflamed
- 4How to treat acneSoap/water; topical medication; stress management
- 5ScoliosisS-shaped curvature of spine
More common in females
Screening to identify, if >15 degree = referral - 6GenderPrimary sexual characteristics—essential for reproduction
- 7Secondary sexual characteristicsnonessential for reproduction
such as breast development, facial and pubic hair, and lowering of the voice - 8Tanner stagingprimary and secondary sexual maturity rating
- 9Signs of puberty in malesThinning scrotal sac, enlargement of testes
- 10Signs of puberty in femalesBreast buds, growth spurt
- 11Turner syndrome (XO)female disorder in which only one X chromosome is present instead of two
- 12Short stature, webbed neck, low-set ears, lack of sexual development, cardiac/renal anomalies, learning disabilities Hormonal therapy, infertileTurner Syndrome
- 13Klinefelter syndromemale disorder where males have an extra X chromosome
Tall, thin, lack of sexual development, gynecomastia, learning/behavior problems
Hormonal therapy, sterile - 14Health Perception-Health Management PatternLess acute illness than younger children
Less chronic illness than adults
Negative health choices/outcomes
Sense of invincibility
Adolescent experimentation
Risk-taking behaviors - 15Partnering approach in care for Health Perception-Health Management PatternSupport autonomy
Focus on strengths - 16Nutritional-Metabolic PatternCompeting factors
Ideal body
Fast foods, soda pop, sweets, alcohol
Peer pressure
Activities requiring weight restriction
Increased needs with growth spurt
Dietary intake: way of gaining control, exerting independence - 17What percent of females have an eating disorder10%
- 18Eating disordersAnorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Binge eating disorder
Overweight and obesity - 19Diabetes type 2Increasing prevalence
Risk increases with obesity, inactivity - 20Elimination PatternConsistent with adults
Abnormal variation with eating disorders
Issues of privacy or self-protection - 21Activity-Exercise PatternIncreased strength/endurance
Teach importance of regular exercise
Preparticipation sports exam to help
identify risks, assess health, and promote healthy lifestyles - 22Sleep-Rest PatternNeed at least 8 hours sleep per night
Risk of sleep deprivation due to
multiple activities and responsibilities
nurses should help adolescents cope with balancing responsibilities - 23Cognitive-Perceptual PatternPiaget’s stage of formal operations and
Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development - 24Piaget’s stage of formal operationsLays groundwork for abstract thinking
Adolescent behaviors and characteristics
Introspection and egocentrism
Intolerance of “status quo” - 25Erikson’s theory of psychosocial developmentidentity vs. role confusion
Restaging of each previous stage development
Threats to identity can result in delinquent behavior and mental health issues - 26Cognitive-Perceptual PatternTime orientation
Ability for future orientation
Able to delay immediate gratification
Language
Increased cognitive skills and understanding language
Receptive and expressive vocabulary increase
Slang, electronic communication - 27Self-Perception–Self-Concept PatternSelf-perception and body image
Influenced by expectations of Individual, Peer, and Societal - 28what is the goal of the Self-Perception–Self-Concept Patterndevelop healthy self-perception/healthy body image
- 29Nurses role in the Self-Perception–Self-Concept PatternAssessment, anticipatory guidance, education, counseling
- 30Roles-Relationships PatternChanging roles—stressful family time
Increasing independence for adolescent
Parents try to learn to “let go”
Positive strategies
Willingness to listen, ongoing affection for and acceptance of teen, negotiation of limits
Peer groups - 31Peer groupsMoving from child in family to member of group
Strong influence on adolescent - 32Sexuality-Reproductive PatternEmergence of secondary sexual characteristics
Sexual experimentation
Heterosexual or same-sex activity
Adolescent pregnancy
High risk in maternal/infant outcomes, educational and economic effects - 33Anticipatory guidance for emergence of secondary sexual characteristicssexual decisions, contraception, STI prevention
- 34Anticipatory guidance for adolescent pregnancysupport and services for pregnant adolescents to facilitate positive outcomes
- 35Coping–Stress Tolerance PatternAbility to cope tested in adolescence
Depression
Suicide - 36DepressionMajor depressive and dysthymic disorders
Depressed/irritable mood or diminished interest and pleasure - 37SuicideThird leading cause of death in 15- to 19-year-olds
Recognition of warning signs and prevention essential - 38Values-Belief PatternExpanded understanding of good/bad
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
Gilligan: moral development of females - 39Kohlberg’s theory of moral developmentBegin transition to postconventional stage; idea of justice, universal principles
- 40Gilligan: moral development of females“Good” involves self-sacrifice and caring for relationships in life
Learns balance between what is good for her and for others - 41Environmental ProcessesAccidents
Sports injuries
Violence - 42AccidentsMotor vehicle accidents: 20 times more likely than in other age groups
Inexperience, drugs/ETOH, distracted driving - 43Sports injuriesVulnerable: Immature coordination, judgment, musculature, epiphyses
Performance enhancing substances - 44ViolenceRisk from carrying weapons, testing limits, witnessing/observing violence, music lyrics
Unresolved fear: Increase in violent behavior - 45Biological agentsInfectious mononucleosis, meningococcal, STIs
Need for immunizations, education on risk, safe sexual practices - 46Chemical agentsChemical use increasing—use is precursor to abuse
tobacco use-- most start use in adolescence
Focus on preventing nonsmokers from starting; helping smoker to quit - 47CancerContinued risk of childhood cancers
Increased focus: reproductive cancers - 48Health promotion for cancerBreast self-examination
Testicular examination
PAP test for cervical cancer
HPV vaccination to prevent 4 types HPV
Precursor to cervical cancer, genital warts
Recommended for adolescent/young women - 49SchoolSocial experience: Increased opportunities and adjustments
Primary setting for expectations/standards; importance of peer group - 50Culture and ethnicityTeens question, modify, or reject family influences if different from dominant culture
Increased challenges for minority adolescents - 51Levels of Policy Making and HealthLegislation
Economics - 52LegislationAge variation for assuming adult responsibilities
Emancipated minors—adolescents permitted to accept responsibility for certain health/illness decisions, separated from family
Confidentiality: Particularly important in sexual issues, STDs - 53EconomicsResources: Conflict parent/adolescent
Poverty, economic pressures: Adolescent stress - 54Health care delivery systemHealth care delivery system
Child health care providers
School-based clinics
Family planning clinics
Pregnant adolescents: psychosocial needs - 55Adolescent-focused practice strategiesEstablish adolescent as partner with provider
Answer questions thoroughly/honestly
Indirect/direct questioning
Correct terms and information - 56Nursing ApplicationNurses play a pivotal role in influencing health promotion, preventive screening, and disease prevention activities during the adolescent period.
The primary responsibility of the nurse is to provide education about some of the expected changes and how to deal with them
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- Beschreibung
- Karteikarten am Adolescent, erstellt von Danielle Pinex am 09/02/2016.
- Erstellt von
- Danielle Pinex
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