Karteikarten
3 Development and aid
Karten in diesem Stapel (36)
- 1What is meant by 'international aid'?The giving of resources (including money, goods, food technology) by one country or organisation to another, poorer country with the objective of improving its economy and quality of life
- 2When did international aid first begin? What has it more recently developed into?After WW2 (America to Western Europe and Japan)
SInce 1950s: MEDCs to LEDCs - 3Give the two ways by which official Government aid can be classified.Bilateral
Multilateral - 4Define the term 'bilateral aid'.Aid given from one country to another
Tied to other commercial deals - 5Define the term 'multilateral aid'.Aid provided by many countries
Organised by an international body (e.g. United Nations) - 6Give two ways by which general aid can be classified.Short term emergency aid
Long term development aid - 7What is meant by 'short term emergency aid'?Help given to cope with unexpected disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or tropical storms
- 8What is meant by 'long term development aid'?Aid given which is direct towards continuous improvement in quality of life
- 9What may international aid aim to combat? (Hint: there are 3 areas) (Bonus: Explain each term)Foreign exchange gap (LEDCs lack currency to pay for essential imports)
Savings gap (drains on expenditure prevent capital accumulation)
Technical gap (shortage of essential skills) - 10What is meant by 'voluntary aid'?Aid co-ordinated by NGOs or charities
Collect money from individuals and organisations - 11How is voluntary aid sometimes linked to Government aid?Government money is given to NGOs due to their expertise and efficient aid
- 12What are the advantages of international aid? (Hint: there are 3 points)Vital investment in agriculture and water supply improves health
Purchase of machinery creates new industry and job opportunities
Investment in infrastructure projects improves economic activity potential - 13Give tangible examples of major benefits of international aid. (Hint: there are 4 points with figures and dates)Africans receiving HIV treatment: 50, 000 (2002) to 3.2 million (present)
African school attendance: Increase of 34 million (1999 to 2006)
Access to improved sanitation/water supply: 1.1 billion (1990 - 2006)
LEDC trade barriers reduced - 14Give 3 examples of charities which deliver aid using Comic Relief money.Homeless International
CAFOD
Elton John AIDS foundation - 15Give details of the work of Homeless International. (Hint: amount, location, project)Amount: £1 million (per location)
Countries: Kenya, Zimbabwe, Namibia
Project: Urban slums
1/2 live in urban areas - network of slum dwellers who can save up to purchase land, build better houses and campaign for essential services - 16Give details of the work of CAFOD. (Hint: amount, location, project)Amount: £1, 398, 851 per location
Country: Sierra Leone, Liberia
Project: People affect by conflict
Education, training and job opportunities for young people exposed to violence, and power/support to ensure new Government spends on communities - 17Give details of the work of Elton John AIDS foundation. (Hint: amount, location, project)Amount: £696, 628
Country: South Africa
Project: People affected by HIV and AIDS
Children orphaned and workers lost - food shortages if subsistence farmers - support to traditional care systems and petitioning to Government to fund them - 18What are the disadvantages of international aid? (Hint: there are 3 points)Short lived benefits
Fails to reach poorest people (corruption)
Capital intensive - 19What is meant by 'tied aid'?Forced poor countries to buy goods and services from rich 'donors' - money given is simply returned as payment
- 20What problems can food aid bring? (Bonus: What reasons may MEDCs have for giving food aid?)May delay land reform which would solve the problem
Local farmers out of business
(Dumping: Overproduction in UK given) - 21What is mean by 'phantom aid'?Aid which comes with the condition that it be paid back (i.e. a loan)
- 22How may infrastructure aid actually be classed as exploitation? (Bonus: Give an example)MEDCs invest in LEDCs to build ports and railways (for example) which are only used for the export of the desired resource
- Doesn't benefit most ordinary locals
- Exploits country's resources
e.g. America - African countries - biofuels - 23What is the UK Government department responsible for aid?Department for International Development (DfID)
- 24Give evidence of the UK being a good example of an aid giver. (Hint: there are 3)3rd biggest donor
More per person than top 2 givers
Tied aid from 74% (1991) to 16% (2010) - 25Give evidence of the UK being a poor example of an aid giver. (Hint: there are 2)Never reached UN target of 0.7% of national income
£234 million for Pergau Dam in Malaysia tied to £1 billion weapons deal - 26What is meant by the idea of 'appropriate technology' in aid?Using a level of technology and skills required to service aid which is properly suited to the country's conditions
- 27When was WaterAid established? (Bonus: Where was its first project?)1981
Zambia - 28Give a locational description of WaterAid's most recent location.Mali, West Africa
Sahel region
Below Tropic of Cancer
Above Burkina Faso - 29What problems was Mali facing, and why?Harsh natural environment
Low and falling rainfall levels
Spreading desertification (65% desert or semi-desert) - 30What is Mali's approximate population?12 million
- 31What has WaterAid accomplished through its work in Mali? (Bonus: How long has it been active there?)Active since 2000
50% now have access to sustainable, improved water supply
Combat private water companies' lack of attention - 32How has WaterAid achieved this? (Hint: there are 3 points)Financed construction of water network
Training local people to manage systems AND raise funds
Education programes - 33Who is WaterAid's West African regional manager? How did she describe their work which suggests its sustainability?Idrissa Doucoure
'empowering communities to continue their own development - 34What health benefits have improved water, sanitation and hygiene education lead to? (Hint: there are 2 branches of 1 point)Less disease
- Death from diarrhoeal diseases reduced by 65% (WHO)
- Globally a child dies every 17 seconds from dirty water related diseases (presumably reduced in Mali) - 35What other benefits have improved health lead to? (Hint: there are 4 points)More school attendance
More healthy workers
Individuals save money (medicine)
Individuals save time (collecting water) - 36Give some specific examples of WaterAid funding in developing countries. (Hint: there are 4)£125 - Tap (community - Madagascar)
£390 - Sanitation block (150 pupils - India)
£450 - Deep handpump (100 people - Bangladesh)
£550 - 15m well dug by hand (Zambia)
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Revision notes on the pros and cons of international aid and its effect upon development including WaterAid in Mali case study
- Erstellt von
- Jess Molyneux
- Aufrufe
- 4
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