Karteikarten
Computing Glossary - FULL
Karten in diesem Stapel (47)
- 1AlgorithmA step-by-step solution to a problem.
- 2ALUArithmetic and logic unit. The part of the CPU which carries out arithmetic and logical computations.
- 3ApplicationA program that runs on a computer and carries out a useful function for a user e.g. a web browser, word processing or spreadsheet program. Often abbreviated to 'app'.
- 4BinaryA numeric system that uses two digits - 0 and 1
- 5BrowserAn application that allows a user to locate and read documents encoded in HTML on the World Wide Web.
- 6CacheStores recently used data so that it can be accessed quickly at a later time.
- 7CPU Central Processing UnitControls all of the functions and activities of a computer.
- 8Character setE.g. the ASCII character set.
The numbers, letters, punctuation marks and special characters that can be processed by a computer. The character associated with each binary code is determined by the character set in use on the computer. - 9CodeA collection of computer instructions written in a high level langauage
It is then translated into machine code when it is compiled or executed. - 10CoreThe components of a microprocessor that control the activities of the computer.
The microprocessor can have multiple cores
e.g. dual or quad core processors. - 11DataA collection of numbers or characters.
When given a context, they can provide 'information' for a user. - 12Data protectionThe secure storage of data.
The Data Protection Act 1998 defines the law on the storage and processing of data about identifiable, living people. - 13DatabaseA persistent and organised store of data.
- 14DenaryA numeric system using ten digits - 0 to 9.
'base 10' system. - 15DiskExternal storage medium consisting of thin, round plate of metal or plastic
e.g. floppy disk, optical disk, hard disk. - 16EncryptionEncryption is the scrambling of data into a form that cannot be understood by unauthorised recipients.
The encrypted data must be decrypted using a key, back to its original form. - 17FieldA field is one item of information in a database record
e.g. in an address book database, it could be surname, first name, date of birth. - 18FileIn a database a file is the complete collection of all the records.
- 19HardwareThe physical parts of a computer system including the peripheral devices.
- 20HexadecimalA numeric system that uses sixteen digits - 0 to 9 and A, B, C, D, E and F.
BASE 16 - 21InputData that is given to the computer through an 'input device'
e.g. mouse, keyboard, microphone, sensor. - 22IP Internet ProtocolIt specifies the way data is broken into packets and how are addressed for transmission across the Internet.
- 23LogicThe operations and structures through which the computer processes data.
- 24Logic gateTransistors in a computer acting as switches to implement Boolean functions
e.g. AND or OR or NOT gates. - 25MAC Media Access ControlAn address that is written into a component when it is made and uniquely identifies each node on a network.
MAC addresses are 48 bits in length and are usually displayed as a 12 digit hexadecimal number. - 26MetadataMetadata is a term for the descriptive information embedded inside an image or other type of file.
The metadata captured by your camera is called EXIF data, which stands for Exchangeable Image File Format - 27NetworkA group of computing devices (nodes) that can pass data to each other through cable or wireless links.
- 28OutputData that comes from a computing device
e.g. images on a monitor, digitised speech, printed hard copy. - 29PeripheralsA piece of hardware that works with a computer
e.g. a mouse, printer or monitor. - 30PixelPicture Element.
The smallest point of an image that can be processed. - 31PolicyA written contract or agreement or set of rules
e.g. acceptable use policy. - 32ProcessingThe manipulation of data in a computer system.
- 33ProcessorA small chip that contains all of the elements of the Central Processing Unit.
Processes the instructions that make the computer operate. - 34ProgramA sequence of instructions instructing a computer to carry out a specific task.
- 35Programming languageA set of words and rules or syntax that allows humans to write programs for a computer without using its own machine language.
- 36PseudocodeA method of outlining the principles of a computer program so that it can be easily converted into real programming statements.
- 37RAMA form of computer data storage which can be written to and is volatile
- 38ROMA form of computer data storage which cannot be written to and is not volatile.
- 39SoftwareThe 'non physical' parts of a computer system
i.e. the programs and instructions required to instruct a computer to carry out a specific task - 40StandardA format that is universally accepted throughout the computer industry
e.g. USB, TCP/IP. - 41StorageThe holding of data in a computer system so that it can be accessed by the processor.
- 42TCPTransmission Control Protocol.
A suite of protocols (rules) used for communicating on the Internet. - 43TopologyThe arrangement of nodes (computers, printers etc.) in a computer network
e.g. star, bus and ring topologies. - 44Truth tableA table that lists all of the possible values that a function can attain.
Used to list all the possible outputs of logic gates. - 45Utility programSoftware related to computer management
e.g. software used to analyse, configure or optimise computer functions. - 46ValidationProcedures written into a computer program to check that input data is sensible and reasonable.
- 47—
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- GCSE Computing Karteikarten am Computing Glossary - FULL, erstellt von A J am 25/04/2016.
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- A J
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