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utilitarianism
Karten in diesem Stapel (15)
- 1introductionreferred to as Bentham and Mill.
based on principle of utility - all situations should produce the most happiness.
" greatest good for the greatest number" - 2what are the three areas of the ethical theory?hedonism - pleasure is the most important good.
consequantialism - based on the consequences of an action.
egolitarianism - everyone deserves to be equal. - 3bentham introductioncreated three parts in his book 2 ' the principals of morals and legislation'
- 4what motivates human beingsbethams book quote chapter 1,1 " nature has placed mankind under the governance of two soverign masters pain and pleasure"
during this bentham studied the brain and what motivates people. - 5principle of utilityitself has four stages ;
you must first look at the consequences of an action.
whether this action produces the greatest good for the greatest number - 6hedonic calculusa list of things which must be calculated inorder to choose an action to be taken in a situation.
for example , intensity , duration and certainty.
this could be used in places like Africa to calculate whether condomos should be used stating they would prevent over population and increased poverty which could be deemes as the greatest good for the greatest number. - 7bentham and mill comparisonbentham saw society as a collection of individuals with the most loving thing being what would suit these individuals best.
mill developed this by defining the quality of a pleasure rather than the quantity creating higher and lower pleasures.
" it is better to be a human disatisfied than a pig satisfied"
higher pleasure e.g art
lower pleasure e.g. alcohol - 8flower sellermill believes we should educate others.
the flower seller enjoys a weekly bottle of gin.
mill believes she should be educated to find greater pleasure in going to the opera along with the well to do classes which buy her flowers.
bentham however believes this is a matter for each individual to decide what is good and bad. - 9mills problem with benthammill found a problem with benthams hedonic calculus stating it could be used to justify lower pleasures e.g. violence.
mill believes everyone should seek higher pleasures. - 10harm principlemill developed the harm principle when talking about the pressure a majority can put on a minority.
- 11mills alternative to the hedonic calculusmill proposed a rule utilitarianism as if moral actions are guided by rules this will lead to the greatest happiness.
this can also be interpreted as weak rule utilitarianism which takes a more situational approach and abandons rules when they dont lead to the most loving thing to do. - 12R.M.Harewhen making a decision the motive of an individual should be taken into account.
peter singer agreed with this establishing preference utilitarianism.
this is the idea " equal preferences count equal no matter what their content"
this is the idea everyone must be taken into account allowing a flexibility of choice. - 13conclusionutilitarianism like situation ethics takes into account individual situations.
however , without a religous approach making it a solid ethical theory which can be used by everyone. - 14a strength of utilitarianism ...it can also be applied to biblical teachings of Jesus who urges the well being of others to be a motive of our actions.
for example saving the adulterous woman from being stoned. - 15responsethe theory cannot be used to define what is universally good as the needs of everyone cannot be calculated.
for example if 10 robbers were to steal from the same woman their pleasure would outweigh her pain
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- Karteikarten am utilitarianism, erstellt von mia mosley-smith am 17/05/2016.
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