Karteikarten
Development of the Heart
Karten in diesem Stapel (24)
- 1Formed from _________ layer around week __Mesoderm, 3
- 2It is the first organ to develop and function straight away. Why?Embryo is already large enough the diffusion alone is not sufficient to supply it with nutrients
- 3Development begins at ______ end of neural plate as 'heart __________'cranial, primordium
- 4Heart Primordium/Crescent becomes the _____ __________Left ventricle
- 5Crescent contains 2 types of cells:1. Endocardial cells to become endothelium
2. Myocytes for atria and ventricles, and to specialise into Purkinje fibres - 6Growth of Crescent: 1. Medial expansion2. 'Straight tube' stage: Heart tube attaches to developing arteries (set of arches) and cranial end, and developing veins at caudal end
- 73. Elongation of tube (consisting of inner layer of endocardium, cardiac jelly then myocardium)Cells added to outflow and inflow of tube so it grows, yet it is attached to blood vessels so coils as it expands.
- 84. Looping of the tube - Always coils to the _____ first (except in dextrocardia)RIGHT. This is controlled by complex human disease genes, so mutations = heart defects
- 95. Addition of cells: a) ___________ to separate outflow tract and form nerves b) __________, originating from below tube, to form visceral ________, coronary vessels and other cell typesNeural crest cells,
Proepicardial organ,
Pericardium - 10By _____ days, chambers are now visible, as parts of the tube have ballooned. Ventricles also now contain __________28,
Trabeculae - 116. Septation: Forming the _______ between chambersSeptums
- 12A) AV Septation to separate _____ from ___________Atria from ventricles
- 13i) _________ cells undergo EMT (______ __________ _________) and populate ______ ______ to form superior and inferior cushionsEndocardial,
Epithelial mesenchymal transformation,
cardiac jelly - 14ii) 2 cushions fuse to leave tubes either side which become _______ between A + V. Surrounding cells become ________Foramina,
Valves - 15Failure of AV septation results in AVSDs (_____________ ______ ______), common in babies with ______ __________Atrioventricular septal defects,
Down's Syndrome - 16B) Atrial septation. Begins with primary ______ _______, which elongates and fuses with ___ ______interatrial septum,
AV cushions - 17Hole forms at top of septum called _______ ______ to allow __________________Foramen Ovale,
blood flow between atria - 18The ______ _______ usually closes at birth. 10% of population have ________ FO, which can be lived with, due to pressure gradient keeping flap closed. Larger hole = _______ _______ type ASD (_____ _______ ______)Foramen ovale,
persistent,
ostium secundum,
Atrial septal defect - 19C) Ventricular septation: _________ thicken and extend up to AV cushions. Small piece of _______ joins septum to AV cushions as final part to fuse.Trabeculae,
membrane - 20VSDs (______ ______ ______) can occur if ______ does not fuse. Called __________ VSD (75% cases). Can also occur if there are holes in the _________. Called _______ VSD, but usually fixes itself at birth (25% cases)Ventricular Septal Defects,
membrane,
perimembranous,
trabeculae,
muscular - 21D) OFT Septation (____________ ______) Very complex - uses cushion system. Separates multiple _____ into 2 distinct ones: ________ ________ and ________ leaving the 2 atria. There are many possible defects with this stage.Outflow tract,
vessels,
pulmonary trunk,
aorta - 22TGA (________ of the ______ _________) causes ______ and ________ _______ to be connected to the wrong ventricles. Corrected with surgery.Transposition of the Great Arteries,
aorta,
pulmonary trunk - 23TOF (______ __ _____) is a group of 4 defects commonly seen together: 1. VSD 2. ________ aorta, so both _______ and __________ blood enter it, with little going to the ______ _______. 3. ________ stenosis 4. RV __________ Corrected by early surgery.Tetralogy of Fallot,
overriding,
oxygenated,
deoxygenated,
pulmonary trunk,
pulmonary,
hyperplasia - 24Conduction tissue is derived from _________. Needs insulation.Myocardium (NOT NERVES)
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- Beschreibung
- Degree CVS1 Karteikarten am Development of the Heart, erstellt von Hannah Tribe am 25/04/2014.
- Erstellt von
- Hannah Tribe
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