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Karteikarten

Globalisation 8

Ethan Molloy A-Level Geography Englisch 34 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (34)

  1. 1Post-accession migrationThe flow of economic migrants after a country has joined the EU
  2. 2DiasporaThe dispersion or spread of a group of people from their original homeland
  3. 3Crude birth ratesThe number of live births per 1000 people per year
  4. 4NationalistA political movement focused on national independence or the abandonment of policies that are views by some people as the threat to a national sovereignty or national culture.
  5. 5Post-colonial migrantsPeople who moved to European countries from former colonies during the 1950's, 1960's and 1970's. The UK received economic migrants from the Caribbean (especially Jamaica), India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Uganda.
  6. 6Net MigrationThe overall balance between immigration and emigration.
  7. 7Social, Environmental and Political Tensions caused by Globalisation Varying Attitudes Towards Migration and Cultural Mixing. Human History is full of stories of places being changed by migration or new technologies, how has this caused tension? Also speak about the borders of EU nations bewng opened.For some societies, however, the social changes accompanying globalisation are unprecedented in their scale of rapidity. This has sometimes caused tension.
    The open borders of the EU nations brought rapid cultural change. In 2004, 8 eastern European nations (inc. Poland) joined the EU. An unprecedented volume and rate of post-accession in-migration followed for the UK and Ireland. Arrival of 1 million Eastern Europeans is a reason for population growth in UK from 59.5 mil to 64.5 mil between 2004-2015.
  8. 8Immigration and the changing face of the UK. Summarise the main migrant patterns in the UK. Immediately after WW2.UK received over 500,000 migrants from Caribbean.
    Pull Factor - Rebuilding after the war, No intervening because VISA restrictions did not apply at this time to countries in commonwealth.
    Push Factor - Poverty, Settled, London.
  9. 9Immigration and the changing face of the UK. Summarise the main migrant patterns in the UK. 1960'sUK, textile industry, midlands and NW were booming. About 750,000 Pakistanis and a million Indians attracted few VISA restrictions and cheaper air transport.
  10. 10Immigration and the changing face of the UK. Summarise the main migrant patterns in the UK. 1970'sConflicts in other former: British colonies also led to refugee migration to UK. Two notable refugee migrants were of Ugandan Asians (1972), who settled in cities around the UK. Smaller Migration.
  11. 11Immigration and the changing face of the UK. Summarise the main migrant patterns in the UK. 1990's/2000'sUK governments increased restrictions on migrants overseas. One exception is EU migrants, allows people to have free movement. In 2004, poorer countries joined the EU and one million migrants have settled in rural areas.
  12. 12Social, Environmental and Political Tensions caused by Globalisation Migrants have sometimes concentrated in particular areas and enclaves e.g. new Polish migrants...have joined a long-established diaspora community in Balham, London (first formed in the 1940's when the UK and Poland were Second World War Allies. Many non-Polish Balham residents have welcomed the new arrivals and their contribution to the local economy and society. Small shopkeepers have visibly courted Polish custom. However, some local people worry that young migrants have increased the crude birth rate beyond the capacity of the area's primary schools.
  13. 13Social, Environmental and Political Tensions caused by Globalisation In turn, a thriving British diaspora has sedded itself across other EU countries.UK residents began relocating to the Mediterranean coastline (France, Italy and Spain) in 1993, when freedom of movement in the EU was first allowed. British enclaves can be identified through local 'ethnoscape' features such as bars and cafes. However poor behaviour of some younger 'Brits' have sometimes strained cultural relations with indigenous communities.
  14. 14Tensions in London Surrounding Foreign Investment and Migration The leaders of some of the UK's biggest TNCs have argued that migration restrictions threaten their own competitiveness and more broadly, the UK role as a global hub. Dergulation of the City of Lodnon in 1986...Removed large amounts of 'red tape' for businesses. London's financial and legal firms began to regularly rotate staff between different international offices in Asia, Europe and the Americas. Other companies have recruited large number of skilled people from overseas, such as Indian computer programmers. It is not just UK-headquartered TNCs that are alarmed by the restrictions on migration. Indian, Chines and Brazilian TNCs wanting g a European base may be less likely to choose London if it becomes harder to transfer staff to the UK.
  15. 15Tensions in London Surrounding Foreign Investment and Migration However, many other Londoners feel very differently. They believe...Too much in-migration has been allowed to take place. Some voted for UKIP in the 2015 general election. This political party wants to see even stricter controls on migration, including an end to the UKs participation in the EU and the freedom of movement this has allowed. Approximately 30% of London's 8 million residents were born in another country.
  16. 16Rapid Social Change and the Rise of Social Tensions From one perspective, globalisation has eroded what? At a national level, social security systems are being? and what does this lead too?Views from one perspective, globalisation has eroded the traditional power of the state and players such as unions to protect citizens from rapid social change. Decisions on the best location for investment, and therefore, employment, are taken by TNCs and international financial institutions. At a national level, social security systems are being reshaped and the ability of governments to control migration flows is being reduced. This leads to insecurity at work, greater inequality within communities, and a loss of confidence in elected governments to manage the negative impacts of globalisation.
  17. 17Exremism in Europe What does the nationalist party of France's Front National command? What happened in the 1990's (includes the UK's British National Party)?In some EU States, nationalist parties such as France's Front National, command significant support. Nationalist parties often oppose immigration; some reject multi cultural-ism and openly embrace fascism. In the 1990s, the UK British National Party voiced its opposition to the continuing presence of post-colonial migrants and their families.
  18. 18Extremism in Europe 1993 Racially-Aggravated Assualts? Recently, tensions between some different communities have risen elsewhere in Europe. France 2015?Although race relations in the UK have improved over time, racially-aggravated assaults do, sadly occasionally occur. The murder of Stephen Lawrence in Eltham in 1993 in one such example. Recently, tensions between some different communities have risen elsewhere in Europe. In France in 2015, staff of the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo were killed by gun men of Algerian descent. The murderers said that their Islamic faith has been mocked. Extreme events such as these are still rare but demonstrate tensions in multicultural Europe. Around 25% of voters supported Frances Front National party in the 2014 European Parliamentary elections.
  19. 19Extemism in Europe EvaluationIt's been argued that support for these right-wing parties is mainly from specific social groups: economically insecure lower middle-class citizens and skilled and unskilled manual workers.
    These groups have a hostility towards immigration, multiculturalism and cultural and ethnic diversity. They feel that immigration and rising diversity threaten their national culture, the unity of the nation and the national way of life.
  20. 20Attempts to Control the Spread of Globalisation: Legislating Against Global Flows Governments may try to prevent or control global flows of people, goods and information, with varying sucecss: Laws can be strengthened...to limit numbers of economic migrants. However illegal immigration is sometimes hard to tackle, as the USA has discovered (e.g. from neighbouring Mexico). In addition, European countries are obliged to take in genuine refugees, irrespective of economic migration rules. Since 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) has guaranteed refugees the right to seek and enjoy asylum from persecution. In 2015, large numbers of desperate refugees from Syria and poor African natins like Somalia arrived in Europe. Some had crossed the Mediterranean Sea in overcrowded, leaky boats with great loss of life. Many more arrived at borders of Hungary and Serbia having walked there.
  21. 21Attempts to Control the Spread of Globalisation: Legislating Against Global Flows Governments may try to prevent or control global flows of people, goods and information, with varying sucecss: Around 40 world goverments limit their citizens freedom to access online information.Violent or sexual imagery is censored in many countries. However, a 'dark web' also exists, which is harder to control.
  22. 22Attempts to Control the Spread of Globalisation: Legislating Against Global Flows Governments may try to prevent or control global flows of people, goods and information, with varying sucecss: Trade ProtectionismIs still common, despite the efforts of the Bretton Woods institutions. However, smuggling of both legal and illegal commodities can be very hard to control. In 2014 global sales of illegal drugs were estimated to have exceeded US$300 Billion.
  23. 23Attempts to Control the Spread of Globalisation: Legislating Against Global Flows Prohibited Flows CubaCuba -> USA (Until 2015)
    The USA imposed a complete trade embargo on communist Cuba in 1962 as a result of Cold War antagonism between the two countries. This resulted in a commercial and financial blockade.
  24. 24Attempts to Control the Spread of Globalisation: Legislating Against Global Flows Illegal and Criminal Flows AfghanistanAfghanistan -> UK
    By some estimates, 60% of Afghanistan's GDP may come from illegal opium trade, feeding the demand for heroin among drug-users on the streets of European Countries.
  25. 25Internet Censorship in China and North Korea How long have China been rules by the communist party? What evidence is there to suggest that the government are intolerant of any questioning or criticism of them by their citizens?70 Years
    1988- Chinese students demonstrated against communism in Tiananmen Square, hundreds of people are thought to have died in the army crackdown that followed. Many Chinese people still do not know what happened that day, due to strict Censorship of the press and Internet.
  26. 26Internet Censorship in China and North Korea How does the government try to control the population? What country has had even tighter restrictions placed on them?Chinese government insisted that search engine results should be censored to hide information about Tiananmen Square. Facebook, Twitter and Youtube unavailable due to great firewall of China.
    North Korea - No internet access
  27. 27Migration controls in the UK What has been in place in the UK since 2010? Example?5 Tier point system - to control immigration by checking that economic migrants possess skills/resources that the UK economy needs.
    e.g. 1 migrants must be prepared to invest in more than £2 million in the UK or possess exceptional tale.
  28. 28Migration controls in the UK What did the incoming UK government of 2010 pledge?To cut net migration by 100,000 people a year
  29. 29Migration controls in the UK Target has not been met yet. Fewer British citizens have left the UK to live overseas, since 2008 global financial crisis. Pound-Euro exchange rates have weakened. Governments has no control over EU migrants wanting to work in the UK.Refugees are allowed to remain in the UK under human right laws.
  30. 30Resource Nationalism and Protecting Cultures Resource nationalism describes a growing tendency for state governments to take measures ensuring that domestic industries and consumers have priority access to the national resources found within their borders. e.g.Hugo Chavez (past president of Venezuela) seized control of ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips operations in Venezuela.
    2009 - Canada based First Quantum was forced to hand over 65% ownership of US$550 million copper mining project in the Democratic Republic of Congo to country's government.
    Until recently, resource nationalism in China took the form of restrictions on rare earth exports. Japan, the USA and the EU all expressed concerns to the WTO. Result - China finally relaxed restrictions.
  31. 31Resource Nationalism and Protecting Cultures Particular cultural groups within a nation may sometimes take a view on whether global forces should be allowed to exploit their resources. Opposition can be strong when an important landscape is threatened by the resource extraction process e.g.Goon people's on-going struggle with oil companies in Nigeria and opposition to fracking by Canada's first Nations people.
  32. 32First Nations in Canada What does Canda's first nations refer to? What are the nations people of the Mackenzie and Yukon River Basins opposed to?It's 6 groups of indigenous people.
    The attempts of global oil companies to 'switch on' their region
  33. 33First Nations in Canada What have the Dene residents of the Sahtu Region experienced?Negative impacts of globalisation and petroleum developments near the settlement of Norman Wells. Over 200 million Barrels of conventional oil has been extracted there since 1920. Concerns include death of flout in oil polluted lakes. Effects of alcohol and drugs on behaviour of young people.
  34. 34First Nations in Canada Give examples of TNCs which are now exploring the surrounding Canol Shale and assessing its potential for shale oil. What has shale fracking been linked with?Shell, ExxonMobil, Imperial Oil
    Water Pollution.

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A-Level Geography Karteikarten am Globalisation 8, erstellt von Ethan Molloy am 23/03/2017.
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