Karteikarten
Cognitive Approach
Karten in diesem Stapel (27)
- 1What is encoding?Transforming sensory input into a memory trace
- 2What are the three memory storage systems called?Sensory Storage, Short-Term Memory, Long-Term Memory
- 3How long are memories stored for in sensory input?1/2 second for image
2 seconds for sound - 4How long is information stored for in short-term memory?and how many bits of information can it hold?15-20 seconds
7 pieces - 5What is the capacity for Long-Term memory and how long does it last?Infinite
Days-Weeks-Months-Years - 6What were the two types of rehearsal Craik and Lockhart says there are in Levels of Processing?Elaborative-Deep processing & deeper consideration of information often by giving it meaning, and is likely to result in a more durable memory.
Maintenance Rehearsal-Rehearse information to preserve it for a short time, unlikely to result in a strong memory - 7(LOP) What were the 3 types of questions that were asked that determined how deeply a word was processed?Structural-physical structure (e.g is the word in upper or lower cases)
Phonetic - Sound the word made
Semantic - The meaning of a word - 8What did Hyde and Jenkins ask P's to learnA set of 24 words rated by pleasantness
- 9What is a disadvantage of Levels of Processing?Morris et al- Found that words which were phonetically processed were recalled more than semantically processed words.
- 10what does the Multi store Model of Memory state by Atkinson and Shiffrin?Sensory memory is a buffer for all information and transfers memories to short term if attension is payed to the memory trace.
Short-Term Memory is a limited store.
Long-term memory has a potentially infinite capacity - 11What does Baddeley say in Reconstructive Memory that memory is like? What was memory previously compared to?A notepad, we only write down the most important parts of the event this leaves gaps which we then fill.
A tape/video recorder. - 12Reconstructive Memory What is Schema?Schema is a template based on your past experiences usually to make sense of previous memories.
- 13What does Cue-Dependent Forgetting say forgetting is?An accessibility problem. The memory is in our heads however we cannot find it.
- 14What does Tajfel's Encoding Specificity Principle state?"the greater the similarity between the encoding event and the retrieval event, the greater the likelihood of recalling the orginal memory."
- 15What is the most noticeable experience of cue-dependent forgetting?Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon-Know a memory but you cannot recall it.
- 16What was the aim of Godden and Baddeley's study?To see if context cues effect recall
- 17What were the 4 conditions of Godden and Baddeley's studyWet, Wet
Dry,Dry
Dry, Wet
Wet, Dry - 18How many P's took place in Godden and Baddeley's study?18
- 19In Godden and Baddeley's study the recordings were presented in blocks of.. (1.) with a (2.) second interval1. 3
2. 4 - 20What did Godden and Baddeley find in their study?Recall was around 50% higher when learning and recall happened in the same environment
- 21What was the mean number of words recalled in the.. Wet, Wet Dry, Dry Wet,Dry Dry, Wet Conditions.w,w=13.5
d,d=11.4
w,d=8.4
d,w=8.6 - 22What does Trace Decay suggest?Learning causes a physical change in the neural network creating a memory trace. This memory trace must be reinforced through repetition to strengthen it. If it is not reinforced than the trace simply weakens and decays.
- 23In Craik and Tulving's study p's were asked to regonise (1.) words from a word list of (2.)1. 60
2.180 words - 24In Craik and Tulvings study what was the % of P's that recalled structural words17%
- 25In Craik and Tulvings study what was the % of P's that recalled Phonetic words36%
- 26In Craik and Tulvings study what was the % of P's that recalled semantic words65%
- 27What is the Key Issue for the Cognitive approach?Eye Witness testonies
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- Karteikarten am Cognitive Approach, erstellt von robynsmillie am 12/05/2014.
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