Karteikarten
Models of Memory
Karten in diesem Stapel (17)
- 1Describe sensory memoryCoding is modality specific
Capacity is large for each modality
Duration depends on age and modality - 2Describe coding in short-term memoryCan be coded in many different ways but is mainly coded acoustically (Baddeley 1966)
Information might also be encoded (the way an image is registered, it may not be the same as the input) - 3Describe capacity and duration in short term memoryCapacity = Miller proposed that the mind can hold either 5, 7 or 9 pieces of information
Duration = 15-20 seconds (Peterson and Peterson) - 4Describe coding in long term memoryCoding = Encoded for all sensory modalities, this depends on rehearsal and association with pre- existing knowledge (A&S quizzed a student on US state capitals, they could not remember the capital of Washington until he had remembered the capital of Oregon because they had been learned together)
- 5Describe duration and capacity in long term memoryCapacity = Potentially infinite
Duration = Lasts a lifetime (Bahrick et al 1975 tested recognition of yearbook photos between 17-74 years old - 6Describe the first three steps of memory in the MSM1: We see, hear, touch, smell or taste something
2: The information goes into our sensory memory - if attention isn’t paid then the memory very quickly decays
3:If attention is paid to the information then it will pass into short term memory - 7Describe the last three steps of memory in the MSM4: Maintenance rehearsal keeps this information fresh unless it is displaced
5: If information is then elaborately rehearsed (finding meaning and making sense) then it will pass into long term memory unless it is lost by retrieval failure.
6: When needed information will be retrieved from long term memory and used in short term memory. - 84 strengths of the MSM1 - 1st model of memory
2 - Support from amnesia cases
3- Evidence to back up the model from brain damage case studies shows which parts of the brain deal with different areas of memory
4 - E most patients in these studies are only known as initials - 94 weaknesses of the MSM1- Tests are artificial, other studies suggest that memory is extremely complex
2 - Too linear and simplified
3- Does not explain why some things are easier to remember or how information is processed
4- G Case studies are not generalizable - 10Function of the Central ExecutiveGives attention to information from the other two stores and decides which information is important
- 11Function of the Episodic BufferActs as a back up store which communicates with STM and LTM
- 12Function of the Phonological LoopThe inner voice holds information in a speech based form and has a limited capacity The phonological loop contains the articulatory control system and the phonological store
- 13Function of the visuospatial sketchpadThe inner eye, specialised for spatial and visual coding. It keeps track in where we are in relation to other objects as we move through our environment.
- 142 strengths of the WMM1- Builds on the MSM and provides more detail for STM
2- There is neurophysiological evidence: Williams syndrome: normal language, impaired visual and spatial shows separate stores - 152 strengths of the WMM3- PET scanning shows different areas of the brain working for different parts of the phonological loop
4- Alzheimer's patients have a decreased CE function so struggle to perform visual and verbal tasks together. - 162 weaknesses of the WMM1- Neurophysical evidence is limited due to case study method
2- Doesn’t explain why we could store a limited number of words sequences in the phonological loop but can store longer sentence sequences. - 172 weaknesses of the WMM3- Does not explain how the components interact with eachother or with LTM
4- Neuroimaging has difficulty locating the CE as activity is diffused over the cortex
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- Karteikarten am Models of Memory , erstellt von Cara White am 14/05/2017.
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- Cara White
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