Karteikarten
Sociology crime and deviance
Karten in diesem Stapel (21)
- 1AnomieDurkheim (1987) Functionalist - feeling no shared values or social solidarity. More likely to commit crime. Positive as justice system reinforces social boundaries and behaviour. (Deterrent)
- 2Strain theoryMerton (1938) Functionalist- where culture goals can not be met legitimately, so innovation is used for crime to make ends meet as there is a lack of opportunity.
- 3Status frustrationCohen - functionalist- lack of legitimate opportunity and dissatisfied with position is society. Makes people replace middle class values with crime
- 4Resistance to capitalismBrake (1980) Marxist - magical illusion that dressing differently and making a subculture will make them different from the previous generation. But each generation stays oppressed under capitalism
- 5False consciousnessPearce (1976) Marxist - that's middle class business owners manipulate the law for there own interest. They offer health care to have healthy loyal workers not because they care. Reduce labour turnover.
- 6"Under-policed and Under-punished"Reiman (2001) - Marxist - he argues institutions are in the in favour of the middle class and why white collar crime is under punished
- 7UnderclassMurray (1990) New Right - that poor socialisation from groups such as lone parents fail to teach correct values and have a culture dependency meaning they are more likely to commit crime.
- 8Biological reason for crimeWilson (1985) New Right - some people are naturally more aggressive and low in intelligence therefore more likely to commit crime.
- 9Unreliable official statisticsCircourel, Interractionist - state statistics are often controlled and state constructed. They are targeted and racially profilled. A reflection of the police and institutions.
- 10Drifting theoryMatza, Interractionist - we all naturally want to commit crime which is shown when even the middle
Class are under the influence and commit crimes such as domestic violence, drunk and disorderly or speeding. - 11Primary and secondary secondary devianceLemert (1951) Interractionist - primary deviance is the physical activity of the crime. Secondary is the labelling and stigma attached which becomes their master status. Streams them out of society and to reoffend.
- 12Functionalist theories which supports arguments for ethnic minoritiesDurkheim - Anomie and Merton strain theory
This supports how EM'S have not got the institutional means to achieve culture goals. They are economically and educationally deprived. So they innovate to crime to avoid Institutions bias. - 13New Right argument for ethnic minoritiesMurray argues there is an underclass which widely includes ethnic minorities who do not share the same norms which leaves them isolated from society and more likely to commit crime.
- 14Interractionist view of ethnic minoritiesPhillips & Bowling - "over policed and under protected" labelled by society as criminals and self fulling prophecy happens
- 15Marxist view on ethnic minoritiesReiman - under policed and under punished. Institutional bias in favour of the middle class (selective law enforcement) as EM'S are mainly working class.
- 16Neo-Marxist view on Ethnic minoritiesHall, Moral Panic - escape goats (folk devil) diverts attention from failures in capitalist system.
Myth of Black Criminality - politically motivated from instituational and historic racism. - 17What percentage or unarmed killing were black people?34% of unarmed murders were black people 2016 despite only 6% of population
- 18What is the percentage of Black British prisoners?10% only 2.8% of population 2014
- 19What was the rise in the Muslim prison population after 9/11?(2002) - 7.7%
(2015) - 14.4% - 20Who are more likely to be stopped and searched - black or Asains?7x black people
3x Asain people
Then white counter parts - 21Pollack argues...?
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